比特币三年涨了9000倍
国内玩家成立对冲基金炒作比特币 “挖矿人”今年一个月都挖不到一枚———
Domestic players set up hedge funds to make bitcoin.
一直是个谜的比特币创始人“中本聪”昨日被爆料称，真实身份是日本京都大学教授望月新一。虽然这一说法并未得到确认，不过在三年里因价格涨了近9000倍，而受到投资者追捧的虚拟货币正面临着崩盘的风险，国内最早投资比特币的玩家甚至直言比特币就是一场互联网时代的“郁金香泡沫”。
The famous founder of Bitcoin's “Middle Ben-Hear” was told yesterday that the true identity was Shinichi, a professor at Kyoto University in Japan. Although this claim has not been confirmed, the virtual currency that has been pursued by investors for nearly 9,000 times in three years is at risk of collapse, and the country's first domestic investment in bitcoin is even an Internet-era “Tuvalu bubble.”
自从比特币被发明以来，其创始人“中本聪”就一直是个谜，但是昨日，计算机科学家泰德·纳尔逊爆料称，“中本聪”的真实身份是日本京都大学教授望月新一，不过这一说法并未得到确认。
The founder of Bitcoin has been a mystery since his invention, but yesterday, the computer scientist, Ted Nelson, announced that the true identity of the “medium bellow” was Shinichi, a professor at Kyoto University in Japan, but this claim has not been confirmed.
比特币这种原本只属于电脑极客圈子的虚拟货币，近两年因其价格暴涨得到越来越多的投资者关注，投资者的涌入造成价格新一轮暴涨。但是，没有只涨不跌的投资品，国内最早接触并投资比特币的玩家已经嗅到了其中的风险，甚至直言比特币就是一场互联网时代的“郁金香泡沫”，崩盘是未来必将发生的事情。
Bitcoin, a virtual currency that was originally a computer-based conglomerate, has received increasing attention from investors over the past two years, and the influx of investors has led to a new boom in prices. But, without just rising and falling investment products, the country’s first domestic players to access and invest in bitcoin have already sensed the risks, and even to say that bitcoin is an Internet-era “tube of tulip bubble” that will happen in the future.
投资人：一年赚了20倍
Investor
财经作家端宏斌是最早接触比特币的一批玩家，2010年他就通过网络论坛了解到比特币，但当时他只看了个热闹，“估计又是什么骗人的玩意。”
He was the first player to contact Bitcoin, a financial writer who learned about Bitcoin through a web forum in 2010, but at the time he was only looking at a fun one, "It's probably what's lying."
端宏斌真正出手购买比特币是在2011年，那一年比特币曾经在短短一周时间里，从几美元暴涨到30多美元，然后又暴跌。据他回忆，第一个比特币的买入价格是125元人民币。
The real purchase of bitcoin was in 2011, when bitcoin jumped from a few dollars to more than $30 in just one week, and then fell. He recalled that the purchase price for the first bitcoin was RMB 125.
不过就在他买入第一个比特币不久，黑客攻击了比特币交易所MTGOX，潜入用户账户窃取比特币大肆抛售，让比特币的价格短时间内跌到0.01美元。虽然两周后MTGOX恢复交易，但比特币的价格从20多美元跌至2美元。
However, shortly after he bought the first bitcoin, hackers attacked the Bitcoin exchange MTGOX, stole bitcoin from the user account and sold it out, causing bitcoin’s price to fall to 0.01 in a short period of time. Although MTGOX resumed trading two weeks later, Bitcoin’s price fell from more than $20 to $2.
到了2012年，比特币价格逐渐回升，端宏斌逐渐加大了投资力度，他还成立了国内第一只投资比特币的对冲基金，投资人大多是身边的朋友，规模也不太大。2012年底，由于比特币产量在新年将减半，大量资金涌入比特币交易市场，造成比特币的价格一路飙高，今年4月达到最顶峰——1比特币可以兑换266美元。不过，很多比特币持有者对此都觉得反常，“我觉得肯定有大庄家在坐庄，而且越来越多的国内外传媒报道比特币，这其中也有可能是某种力量在推动。”
By 2012, the price of bitcoin had gradually recovered, and the capital investment had increased, and he had set up the country’s first investment hedge fund for bitcoin, most of which was close to friends and not too large. By the end of 2012, the price of bitcoin had been so high that it had reached its peak in April of this year – $1 bitcoin for $266. However, many of the Bitcoin holders felt abnormally, “I think there must be a big man sitting on the table, and more and more domestic and international media reports of bitcoin, which could be some kind of push.”
三年前，比特币首次公开交易的时候，市场价只有0.03美元，照此计算比特币三年里上涨近9000倍。端宏斌的对冲基金虽然进入得晚，但也上涨了整整20倍，赚了个盆满钵满。
Three years ago, when Bitcoin first opened the deal, the market price was only US$0.03 and the amount of bitcoin rose almost 9,000 times in three years. The hedge fund was late in entering, but it also increased by a full 20fold, making a pot full of money.
端宏斌透露，自己从不“挖矿”，所有的比特币都是从交易所购买的。对于将比特币当成投资品来炒，他认为，比特币发展到现在这个阶段，就是一个泡沫，等泡沫崩盘时必然会套牢一大批人。“我不是比特币的信徒，但仍然支持比特币，因为我准备享受一场美妙的泡沫浴。”
He revealed that he never “dives”, and that all bitcoins were purchased from the exchange. For the purposes of using bitcoins as investment, he thought that bitcoins were a bubble, and that when bubbles burst, they were bound up with a large crowd. “I am not a fan of bitcoins, but I still support bitcoins, because I am prepared to enjoy a wonderful foam bath.”
“挖矿人”：今年以来“挖矿”越来越难
“miningrs”: “mining” has become increasingly difficult since this year
比特币并不是一枚一枚的钱币，而是由网络节点在完成一个特定数学问题计算之后生产出的，简而言之，就是用联网的电脑运行特定程序，通过复杂的计算后得到的一串密码。获得比特币目前主要有两个途径，一个是像端宏斌那样通过交易来购买，另一种就是自己用计算机来生产，后一种方式又被形象地称为“挖矿”。
Bitcoin is not a single coin; it is produced by a network node after a particular mathematical problem has been calculated, in short, by using a networked computer to run a specific program, a combination of passwords obtained through complex calculations. There are currently two main ways to get bitcoin, one of which is to be bought through a transaction like Tian Yonbin, the other is to produce it on its own computer and the latter is presented as “mining”.
IT工程师李阳(化名)就是这样一名“挖矿人”，他是2012年开始留意比特币的，在研究了比特币的产生原理后，他就迷上了比特币，立即从网络上下载了比特币客户端和“挖矿”软件，用自己的笔记本电脑“挖矿”。
An IT engineer, Lee Yang, is such a miner, who began to pay attention to Bitcoin in 2012. After studying the principles of Bitcoin, he became obsessed with bitcoin and immediately downloaded bitcoin client and “mining” software from the Internet, using his laptop.
但很快，李阳发现电脑的配置太低，运算速度慢，如果用来“挖矿”的话，恐怕一年也难以“挖”到一个比特币。为此，他专门组装了一台GPU和显卡配置非常高的电脑，“花了将近3万元”。
But soon, Li Yang discovered that the computer was too low-configured, slow to calculate, and that it would be difficult to “draw” to a bitcoin in a year if it were to be used for mining. To that end, he had assembled a computer with a very high GPU and a graphic card, which cost him nearly 30,000 dollars.
几个月下来，李阳挖到20多个比特币，虽然进度不大，但在网上看到比特币的价格持续走高，让他相信这么挖下去是值得的，“我挖到的比特币都没有卖，全在电脑里保存着。”
In a few months, Li Yang dug up over 20 bits of bitcoin and, although at a modest pace, saw the price of bitcoin on the Internet keep going up, convinced him that it was worth digging like this, and that “the bitcoin I dug up wasn't sold, it was kept on the computer”.
今年以来，李阳发现“挖矿”越来越难了，一个月都没有挖到一个比特币，因为根据比特币产生的原理，其生产速度是恒定不变的，这就意味着参与的“挖矿人”越多，平均分配到每个“挖矿人”获得比特币的机会也就越少。
Since this year, it has become increasingly difficult for Lee Yang to discover that “mining” has not reached a bitcoin for a month, because, according to the principles produced by bitcoin, its production rate has been constant, which means that the more involved the miners, the less likely they will be equally allocated to each miner to receive bitcoin.
不过，李阳仍然乐此不疲。在他看来，“挖矿”只是工作之余的一个乐趣，“现在很多人都组装七八万元的电脑‘挖矿’，我的‘挖矿机’已经落后了，拼效率肯定拼不赢。”
However, Lee Yang is still happy. In his view, “mining” is just one of the pleasures of the job: “A lot of people now assemble $780,000 in computers, mine mining, my miner is behind, and it's not going to work.
最新消息
日本大学教授
被曝是创始人
was exposed to being the founder of
自从比特币被发明以来，其创始人“中本聪”就一直是个谜，无论是网络世界还是现实世界，他从未公开露面。有些比特币持有者认为，“中本聪”就不是一个人，而是一个组织或机构的代号，因为比特币的设计非常完美，不像是一个人就能完成的工作。
Since Bitcoin was invented, its founder, the “medium benevolent” has been an enigma, and he has never appeared publicly, either in the Internet or in the real world. Some Bitcoin holders believe that “medium benevolent” is not a human being, but a code name for an organization or institution, because Bitcoin is a perfect design, not a job that one person can do.
昨天，计算机科学家泰德·纳尔逊在视频网站YouTube上爆料称，中本聪的真实身份是日本京都大学教授望月新一，不过他并未能提供任何证据，只是根据一些迹象来推断，而这一说法也未得到望月新一本人的回应。资料显示，望月新一16岁进入美国普林斯顿大学就读本科，23岁获得数学博士学位。
Yesterday, computer scientist Ted Nelson announced on YouTube that the true identity of Nakaki was Shinichi, a professor at Kyoto University in Japan, but he failed to provide any evidence, based only on indications, and that this claim was not met with a response from Shinichi. According to the data, he entered undergraduate studies at Princeton University in the United States at the age of 16, and obtained a Ph.D. degree in mathematics at the age of 23.
但是质疑者认为，望月新一只是一名纯粹的数学家，对密码学并不感兴趣，这不符合他的研究领域，而且中本聪是一个日本名字，但未必意味着此人的真实身份一定是日本人。
However, in the view of the challenger, Shinichi is a purely mathematician who is not interested in cryptography, which is not in his field of study and which is a Japanese name, but does not necessarily mean that the person's true identity must be Japanese.
新闻追踪
政府监管成投资风险
对于眼下这场投资比特币的热潮，法律人士从专业角度表达了看法。IT律师赵占领分析认为，比特币投资的主要风险来自监管层面，随着比特币的功能范围扩展到支付手段、涉及金额逐步增加、影响范围逐渐扩大，最终必将引起各国政府监管，“没有哪个国家会允许这种不由中央银行发行、不受监管，却又冲击法定货币的虚拟货币存在，直接涉及到一国的金融主权和金融秩序。” Lawmakers have expressed their opinion from a professional point of view about the current surge in investment in bitcoin. The IT lawyer Zhao’s occupation analysis argues that the main risk to bitcoin investment stems from the regulatory dimension and that, as Bitcoin’s functional scope extends to means of payment, amounts are increasing and influence is expanding, it will eventually lead to government regulation, “no country will allow this virtual currency, which is not issued by the central bank and is not regulated, but which shocks the existence of the legal currency, directly involving the financial sovereignty and the financial order of a country.”
端宏斌告诉记者，美国政府近来开始限制比特币的交易，最近美国国土安全部就获得法院许可，冻结了知名的交易所MTGOX的两个账户，导致目前比特币兑换越来越不方便。 Konbin told journalists that the United States Government had recently begun to restrict Bitcoin transactions, and that the United States Department of Homeland Security had recently obtained a court permit to freeze two accounts of a well-known exchange, MTGOX, which had made it increasingly difficult to exchange bitcoin.
新闻背景
什么是比特币 What's a bitcoin?
比特币是一种虚拟货币体系的基本单位，并不是一个有形的实物，它只是一组关联了比特币地址的数字，简写为“BTC”(BitCoin)。 Bitcoin is a basic unit of a virtual monetary system, not a tangible object, but a set of numbers associated with the Bitcoin address, which is simply called “BTC” (BitCoin).
比特币总量有多少 What's the total bitcoin?
在比特币网络中，运算难度是自动调节的，最初四年里会有1050万个BTC被制造出来，这个数值每四年减半，所以第4年到第8年中，会有525万个BTC被制造，第8年到第12年则是262.5万个BTC，照此计算最终比特币的数额会趋近于2100万个BTC。 In the Bitcoin network, the difficulty of operation is automated, with 10.5 million BTCs manufactured in the first four years, which is reduced by half every four years, so that in the fourth to eighth years, 5.25 million BTCs are manufactured, and in the eighth to twelfth years, 2.625 million BTCs, which will eventually amount to 21 million BTCs.
拥护者认为，比特币不是由某个国家的央行发行的，而是由整个网络一起创造出来的，供应总量只有2100万个，因此不会像纸质货币一样，因为货币超发而导致贬值。反对者则认为，比特币安全性差，黑客攻击交易所或盗取用户比特币的情况屡见不鲜，对于普通用户来说，比特币容易丢失、被盗。此外，比特币由于只在网络上流通，几乎无法监管，很容易被用作非法用途。 Proponents argue that Bitcoin is not issued by a country’s central bank, but is created by the entire network, with a total supply of only 21 million, so that it does not depreciate as a paper currency, because of the currency’s over-exploitation. The opponents argue that bitcoin is not safe, that hackers attack exchanges or steal the user bitcoin, and that bitcoin is easily lost and stolen for ordinary users.
如何通过“挖矿”来获得比特币
据李阳介绍，要想获得比特币，“挖矿人”必须在比特币官方网站下载客户端程序，安装完以后会直接获得一个比特币地址，然后用户可以自己设置一个密码。 According to Lee Yang, in order to obtain Bitcoin, the miner must download the client program on the official Bitcoin website, and once installed will get a Bitcoin address directly, and the user can then set a password for itself.
接下来，“挖矿人”需要下载专用的比特币运算工具，把注册来的地址和密码填入计算程序中，再点击运算就正式开始。程序会一直不停地计算上面提到的数学公式所产生的一系列“数学题”，当“挖矿人”成功地计算完“一道数学题”之后，就有可能得到一定数量的比特币。 Next, the miner needs to download a specific bitcoin operation tool, fill the registered address and password in the computation process, and then click on the calculation. The program will always calculate a series of “mathematical questions” generated by the above-mentioned mathematical formula, and it will be possible to get a certain amount of bitcoins when the diggers have successfully calculated a “mathematical question”.
如果是通过交易来获得比特币，投资者可以到比特币交易平台，同样需要输入地址，付款后交易系统会把比特币打到买家的账户中。 In the case of transactions to obtain Bitcoin, investors can go to the Bitcoin trading platform, which also requires the entry of an address, and the post-payment trading system sends bitcoin to the buyer's account.
在收到比特币之后，比特币既可以被以计算机文件的形式保存在个人电脑中，也可以储存在第三方托管服务。这一文件如果丢失或被黑客盗走，拥有者又没有备份的话，是无法找回的。 After receiving the bitcoin, the bitcoin can either be stored on a personal computer in the form of a computer file or in a third-party hosting service.
比特币怎样消费 how bitcoin was consumed
比特币的汇款和收款是通过软件客户端或互联网来完成的。收款方会拥有自己的地址，汇款方在获得该地址后，就可以发起支付交易，将比特币汇到该地址。 Bitcoin’s remittances and receipts are made through software clients or the Internet.
在国内，已经有不少新潮的咖啡店和淘宝店宣布支持比特币交易。不过记者发现，很多店只是拿比特币当成一个噱头和卖点，要用比特币来购买商品或消费还是不那么方便。在一家打出“支持比特币支付”的淘宝店中，记者与客服沟通时，值班客服根本不知道比特币为何物，在经过记者一番解释后，对方才表示这是老板定的，“我们也不知道怎么支付，等老板回来再回复您吧。” In the country, there are new coffee shops and treasure-hunting shops that have announced their support for the Bitcoin deal. But journalists find that many shops use bitcoin only as a tip and a selling point, and it's not easy to buy goods or consume bitcoin. In a treasure-hunting shop that “supports bitcoins” and communicates with customers, journalists have no idea what bitcoin is, and after the reporters explain it, they say it's the boss, “We don't know how to pay them, so let's wait for the boss to return to you.”
此外，比特币价格上涨太快，很多持有比特币的人都在期待着价格继续上涨，根本没有拿比特币消费的打算，“三年前，10000个比特币才能换回两份披萨，现在100个比特币在国外已经能买辆车了，所以我的比特币肯定不会拿来消费。”端宏斌告诉记者。本组文/本报记者 车利侠 Moreover, the price of bitcoin rose too fast, and many of the people in possession of bitcoin were looking for prices to continue to rise, with no intention of consuming bitcoin at all. “Three years ago, 10,000 bitcoins had been able to replace two pizzas, and now 100 bitcoins have been able to buy a car abroad, so my bitcoin won't be used for it.” Arjun told reporters.
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