环球人物微信公号消息，一个看起来人畜无害的卷毛男孩，却在一天内带崩了世界几百亿美元的财富……
Global character tweets, a seemingly harmless curly boy with millions of dollars of world wealth in one day...
这个令人大跌眼镜的故事主角，叫山姆·班克曼·弗里德。
The story star of this big-looking story, Sam Bankman Frieder.
出生于1992年的他，在26岁到29岁短短3年时间内，通过钻研加密货币套利、经营币圈交易所FTX，迅速积攒了超过200亿美元（1美元约合人民币7元）的财富。
Born in 1992, he quickly accumulated more than US$ 20 billion (US$ 1 = approximately US$ 7 yuan) of wealth over a period of just three years between the ages of 26 and 29 through the drilling of an encrypted currency arbitrage and the operation of a currency ring exchange, FTX.
然而，币圈流传着一句话：币圈一日，人间10年。11月初，班克曼的“币圈旁氏骗局”露出马脚。11月8日，他还拥有的156亿美元净资产，一天后便蒸发到不足10亿美元。
However, there is a saying in the currency circle: the currency circle is a day, 10 years old. In early November, Bankman’s “coin ring con” showed up. On November 8, he also had a net asset of $15.6 billion, evaporating to less than $1 billion a day later.
一天损失将近150亿美元，94％的跌幅创下了全球亿万富翁单日财产最大跌幅纪录。此事件也被称为“币圈的雷曼暴雷时刻”，一众世界著名投资机构都被他“割了韭菜”。
One day, nearly $15 billion was lost, and 94% fell to record the largest single-day drop in the world’s billionaire’s property. The event was also known as the Lehman Thunderbolt of the Currency Circle, where a world-renowned investment agency was “cuffed”.
近日，这个年轻富翁被警方带走，彻底跌下神坛。
In recent days, the young rich man was taken away by the police and fell down the altar.
“而随着币圈头部交易所FTX轰然倒塌，人们对加密货币颠覆传统金融的信仰也土崩瓦解了。”浙江大学国际联合商学院数字经济与金融创新研究中心联席主任盘和林对《环球人物》记者分析道。
“And with the collapse of the currency ring head exchange FTX, the belief in crypto-currency subversion of traditional finance collapsed.” Co-directorship of the Center for Research in Digital Economy and Financial Innovation of the United Business School of Zhejiang University and Lin's analysis of Global Man journalists.
曾被捧为“币圈神童”
was once named "the currency boy" .
在公开场合，班克曼的衣服总是皱皱巴巴。那头凌乱的卷毛和肥大的T恤，共同组成了他的“经典形象”。
In public, Bankman's clothes are always wrinkled. The messy curls and fat T-shirts together form his classic image.
· 班克曼
• Bankman
班克曼是典型的“90后”。他喜欢网络游戏英雄联盟，也沉迷于指尖陀螺，以及其他属于年轻人的“宅文化”。
Bankman is a typical post-90. He likes the Networking Heroes Alliance, and he's obsessed with fingertip gyruss, as well as other “home culture” belonging to young people.
除此之外，他最大的兴趣就是“赚钱”。他曾说过“对改变世界、颠覆权威等宏大目标不感兴趣”，还说“如果哪天发现卖橙汁更赚钱，就去卖橙汁”。
In addition to that, his main interest was “making money”, which he had said was “not interested in changing the world, subverting authority, etc.” and “if it turns out that orange juice is more profitable, sell orange juice”.
有美媒报道，目前世界上在30岁前赚得200亿美元的年轻人有两个，一个是扎克伯格，另一个就是班克曼。
There are media reports that two young people in the world, one Zuckerberg and the other Bankman, currently earn $20 billion before the age of 30.
他是一个“赚钱主义者”。这种金钱观，可能来源于他那美式精英家庭的熏陶。
He's a money maker. This view of money may come from the fumigation of his American elite family.
他的父母都是斯坦福大学法学院的教授，同时他们还分别是经济学家与著名税法学者。
His parents were professors at Stanford University Law School, while they were economists and prominent tax law scholars, respectively.
他从小在斯坦福大学的校园里长大，但后来考入了另一所名校——麻省理工学院。
He grew up on the campus of Stanford University as a child, but later joined another school known as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
毕业后，他进入华尔街的简街资本工作，年薪百万。不过对于当时的他来说，这份差事更像兼职。
After graduation, he went into the Wall Street capital job with a million dollars a year. But for him at the time, the job was more like a part-time job.
此前，班克曼已经发现加密货币间的套利行为可以赚取巨额财富。简单说，就是将加密货币从价格低的交易所倒卖到价格高的交易所。
Previously, Bankman had discovered that arbitrage between encrypted currencies could generate huge amounts of wealth. Simply put, it sells encrypted currencies from low-priced to high-priced exchanges.
几年后，他成立了一家名为Alameda Research的交易公司（以下简称为Alameda），专门从事币圈套利业务。最疯狂时，他一天内赚了上百万美元。
A few years later, he founded a trading company called Alameda Research (hereinafter Alameda), which specializes in currency arbitrage. In the craziest case, he earns millions of dollars a day.
后来这个故事广为流传，他逐渐被捧为“币圈神童”。
This story was later widely shared, and he became increasingly known as the “Episode Boy”.
不过据盘和林分析，这个神话背后，是班克曼“炫耀‘财技’，为自己的炒币能力背书”。因为不久之后，班克曼就不满足于简单的套利业务，而是盯上了加密货币交易所。
But, according to Disk and Lin, behind this myth is Bankman’s “showing ‘fiscal skills’ for his ability to bargain.” Soon after, Bankman was not satisfied with simple arbitrage, but focused on an encrypted currency exchange.
2019年，班克曼成立了FTX加密货币交易所，并发行加密货币FTT。“他讲了一个完美的故事：一个不懂加密货币只懂套利的华尔街交易员，却成功搞起了交易所。这个行为是个很大的噱头。”盘和林分析道。
In 2019, Bankman set up an encrypted FTX currency exchange and issued an encrypted currency, FTT. “He tells a perfect story: a Wall Street dealer who doesn't understand encryption but knows arbitrage, but succeeds in setting up an exchange.
FTX成立时，市场上已经有不少加密货币交易所。为了争夺客户，班克曼采取了激进的策略。
When the FTX was set up, there were already a lot of encrypted money exchanges on the market. Bankman used a radical strategy to compete for customers.
“FTX允许进行风险更高的交易，给足了客户杠杆，甚至能借出价值抵押品百倍的资本。”盘和林告诉《环球人物》记者：“FTX还提供了更多的衍生品交易项目，比如股权通证产品、现货与合约资本合并等，这为币圈‘炒家’们提供了很大便利。”
“FTX allows for more risky transactions, leverages clients and even lends a hundred times the capital of the value collateral.” Cha and Lin told Global Man that FTX also provides more derivative trading items, such as equity pass products, consolidation of spot and contract capital, which greatly facilitates the `blowers' of the currency ring.”
班克曼也很懂营销套路。他的目标人群十分明确：愿意接受如此激进的加密货币交易所的客户，一定是一群年轻、冲动、追求刺激的人。
Bankman also knows marketing. His target is very clear: customers who are willing to accept such a radical crypto-currency exchange must be young, impulsive, motivated people.
于是，FTX斥巨资买下了美职篮（NBA）迈阿密热火队主场的冠名权，然后又宣布赞助电竞队伍TSM。最让FTX出圈的一次营销，是耗费千万美元买下“超级碗”赛事的广告。
As a result, FTX spent a lot of money on buying the name of the Miami Hot Team, and then announced that it would sponsor the electric team TSM. One of the best marketing events to get the FTX out of the circle was an ad that cost tens of millions of dollars to buy the Super Bowl.
在两分半的广告中，喜剧演员拉里·戴维将加密货币比作车轮、电灯泡、太空旅行等人类进步的标志，仿佛选择加密货币就是抛弃愚昧迈向先进。
In a two-and-a-half-minute ad, comedian Larry David compares encrypted money to signs of human progress, such as wheels, light bulbs, space travel, as if the choice of encrypted money was to abandon ignorance and move forward.
· “超级碗”广告截图。
• A screenshot of the “Super Bowl” ad.
很快，FTX成为全球排名前三的加密货币交易所。今年年初，FTX的估值一度达到320亿美元。
Soon, FTX became the world’s top three crypto-currency exchange. At the beginning of this year, the valuation of FTX reached $32 billion.
FTX的诞生让班克曼走上了“巅峰时刻”。近几年，他常在区块链和币圈扮演“救世主”的角色，给许多濒临破产的企业注入资金。许多圈内大佬甚至称他是“币圈的JP·摩根（美国银行家）”。
The birth of FTX has led Bankman to a peak moment. In recent years, he has often played the role of “Savior” in the chain of blocks and currency circles, injecting money into many firms that are on the verge of bankruptcy. Many of the big players in the circles have even called him “JP Morgan of the Currency Circle.”
与此同时，他与美国政界的联系也越来越多。据《华盛顿邮报》报道，班克曼在上一个选举周期中，向各种竞选委员会等团体捐赠约4000万美元，其中多与民主党相关。
At the same time, he is increasingly associated with American politics. According to the Washington Post, Bankman donated approximately $40 million in the last election cycle to groups such as election committees, most of which were linked to the Democratic Party.
“过去几年，他对民主党事业的慷慨程度仅次于金融家索罗斯。”班克曼已成为美国民主党第二大捐助者。
“In the past few years, his generosity to the cause of the Democratic Party has been second only to that of the financiers Soros.” Bankman has become the second largest contributor to the United States Democratic Party.
去年，班克曼将FTX的总部从香港搬到了岛国巴哈马。他与10个好友一起在那里生活、工作。这10人都是他在麻省理工和华尔街结识的“兄弟姐妹”。邻居说，这些年轻的富翁常在海边的豪华公寓里彻夜狂欢。
Last year, Bankman moved the headquarters of the FTX from Hong Kong to the island of The Bahamas. He lived and worked there with 10 friends. All of them were “sisters and sisters” that he met at MIT and Wall Street. Neighbors said that these young rich people used to party all night in luxury apartments on the beach.
“币圈旁氏骗局”的坍塌
The collapse of the Currency Circle's Conspiracy
近几年，币圈风暴越来越多，明星货币比特币与Luna币都经历了暴跌，无数人瞬间倾家荡产。
In recent years, currency storms have been increasing, and the star currency bitcoins and Lunacoins have experienced a sharp fall and countless people have lost their lives.
今年8月，班克曼还在接受《财富》杂志采访时谈到“币圈寒冬”。他认为“最糟糕的情况已经过去，这是一轮健康淘汰的过程”。然而仅过去3个月，FTX与FTT币就轰然坍塌。
In August this year, Bankman, in an interview with Fortune magazine, also spoke of “the cold of the currency.” He argued that “the worst is over, and this is a healthy phase-out.” In the last three months alone, however, the FTX and the FTT have collapsed.
导火索在今年11月2日被点燃。
The fuse was set on fire on 2 November this year.
当天，加密货币媒体CoinDesk发布一份报告称，班克曼的Alameda公司，账面上大部分资产都是自家交易所FTX发行的FTT币。
On the same day, the encrypted currency media CoinDesk published a report stating that Alameda, a company in Bankman, had on its books most of its assets the FTT coins issued by its own exchange FTX.
简单来说，就是班克曼为了让FTT币度过寒冬，在资本市场玩起了“左手倒右手”的把戏。
In short, it was Bankman who played the “left-to-right” trick in the capital market to allow FTT to survive the winter.
“挪用自家交易所资金支撑FTT币的币值，然后通过虚高的币值来抵押贷款，从而构建起套取用户现金的资金池。”盘和林分析道：“这就是一种套上区块链和加密货币的外壳的庞氏骗局。将新用户的资金支付老用户取现，就是拉新还旧。只不过班克曼不是让用户拉人头，而是自己画大饼，从而吸引更多人投资。”
“The misappropriation of exchange funds supports the value of the FTT, and then mortgages it in an inflated currency, thus building a pool of funds for the user's cash.” Discovery and forestry analysis: “This is a ponzi scheme with the shell of the block chain and encrypted currency. Paying the new user's money to the old user, it's still old. It's just that Bankman doesn't let the user pull his head, but draws his own big pie, which attracts more people to invest.”
消息传出后，币圈市场一片哗然。投资者开始陆续抛售FTT币，FTT币值不断下跌。
When the news came out, the currency market broke out. Investors began to sell FTTs, and the value of FTTs fell.
压死骆驼的最后一根稻草，来自币安创始人赵长鹏。11月6日，他在推特发出了清盘FTT的消息。
The last straw to crush the camel came from the founder of Yuanan, Zhao Chang Peng. On November 6, he sent a clear message on Twitter about the FTT.
· 赵长鹏（左）与班克曼
• Zhao Chang Peng (left) and Bankman
赵长鹏是FTX早期的主要投资者，持有逾5亿美元的FTT。他的抛售迅速引发FTT投资者的“挤兑”，一天的抛售金额高达50亿美元。
Zhao Chang Peng is a major investor in the early years of FTX, holding over $500 million in FTT. His sales quickly triggered a “crowding” of FTT investors, amounting to $5 billion a day.
此时，班克曼正在四处寻找愿意为自己“补窟窿”的投资者，然而未果。此后，FTT的币价开始暴跌，从22美元直接跌成了零头2美元。班克曼本人的财富也如开头所说，几乎“一夜清零”。
At this point, Bankman is looking for investors who are willing to “cook for themselves” without success. Since then, FTT's currency prices have fallen sharply, from $22 to $2. Bankman's own wealth, as it was said at the beginning, is almost “none overnight”.
眼看事情愈发不可控，班克曼终于承认，FTX挪用了客户的交易资金，借给了Alameda。然后，他宣布申请破产，辞去旗下公司CEO职位。
When things became more and more uncontrollable, Bankman finally admitted that FTX had embezzled the client's transaction funds and loaned them to Alameda. He then declared his application bankrupt and resigned from the CEO position.
当地时间11月30日，班克曼通过视频远程参加了《纽约时报》的DealBook峰会，企图在这个场合为自己辩解。
On 30 November local time, Bankman participated remotely via video at the Deal Book Summit in The New York Times in an attempt to justify himself on this occasion.
他表示，自己只剩一张信用卡和10万美元的存款。“我搞砸了，如果可以的话，我愿意付出任何代价来扭转一些事情。我从来都没有试图欺骗任何人。”
He said he had only one credit card and a $100,000 deposit. "I screwed up, and if I could, I'd pay anything to turn things around. I never tried to deceive anyone."
显然，美国证券交易委员会和司法部等部门并不信任这种说法，他们对FTX展开了调查。
Clearly, departments such as the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and the Department of Justice do not trust this claim, and they have opened an investigation into FTX.
当地时间12月12日，班克曼在巴哈马的豪华公寓内被警方逮捕，当时他的父母正在那里看望他。之后，他将被引渡到美国接受审判。
On 12 December, local time, Bankman was arrested by the police in a luxury apartment in the Bahamas, where his parents were visiting him, after which he would be extradited to the United States for trial.
次日，美国纽约南区首席检察官威廉姆斯正式对班克曼提出了8项刑事指控，其中包括合谋证券诈骗、合谋洗黑钱等。
The following day, the United States Attorney-General for the Southern District of New York, Williams, formally filed eight criminal charges against Bankman, including conspiracy to commit securities fraud, conspiracy to launder money, etc.
若所有罪名坐实，班克曼将面临最高115年的监禁。
If all the charges are upheld, Bankman will face imprisonment of up to 115 years.
一地鸡毛之后
after
班克曼的受害者名单上“大咖云集”，包括红杉资本、新加坡政府旗下投资公司淡马锡、日本孙正义的软银，以及超53家VC银行和保险公司。此外，受害者中还有中国台湾的50万散户。
Bankman’s list of victims is a “big curry” that includes Redwood capital, the Singapore government’s investment company, Leather Masit, the Japanese Sun’s Soft Silver, and more than 53 VC banks and insurance companies. In addition, there are half a million scattered households in Taiwan.
而相比受害者名单，此次事件更为特殊的一点，在于击溃了投资者对币圈的信仰。
What was more special than the list of victims was that the investor's faith in the currency ring had been crushed.
盘和林说：“连FTX这样的头部交易平台都能一夜之间倒塌，人们愈发看清，虚拟货币根本没有币值保证，发行虚拟货币是一种私人铸币或者融资行为。而私人铸币者并没有遵循他们自称的‘原则’，那就是建立一个去中心化、完全用户主导、公正客观的虚拟货币圈。”
It says, “Even head-to-head trading platforms like FTX collapse overnight, and it becomes increasingly clear that virtual currency has no currency guarantee, and that issuing virtual currency is a private mooring or financing act. And private monetizers do not follow what they call ‘principle’ – creating a decentralized, fully user-driven, impartial and objective virtual currency circle.”
“许多币圈创始人嘴里全是主义，心里全是生意。他们发行虚拟币纯粹为了私利，需要让手中的币更值钱。为此，像班克曼这样不择手段的不在少数。他们想办法利用杠杆去撬动虚拟币价格，高杠杆往往伴随着高风险。”
“Many of the founders of the currency circles are full of rhetoric, full of business. They issue virtual coins for purely personal gain, and they need to make the money in their hands more valuable. To that end, there are few who do whatever they want, such as Bankman. They try to leverage virtual currency prices, and high leverage is often associated with high risks.”
这种方式在资本市场叫坐庄。“这种游戏在市场资金流动性充沛的时候玩得转，因为流动性水位高，钱到处乱窜。而近期美元不断加息，流动性水位下降，这种游戏就容易出事。”盘和林说。
This way is called the capital market. “This game can be played at a time when the market is full of liquidity, because of the high level of fluidity and the money. And the dollar has been raising interest rates and falling liquid water levels in the recent past, and this kind of game is easy to do.”
与币圈一起“地震”的还有美国政界。
The “earthquake” with the currency ring is also in American politics.
班克曼面临的指控中，有一项引起各方注意，那就是被控欺骗美国政府，提供非法政治捐款。
One of the charges faced by Bankman was brought to the attention of all parties that he was accused of deceiving the Government of the United States for making illegal political contributions.
威廉姆斯称，班克曼将“数千万美元”的不义之财用于向美国政党提供非法竞选捐款。“这些肮脏的钱都被用来满足班克曼购买两党影响力，并影响华盛顿公共政策方向的愿望。”
Williams claims that Bankman spends the unjust money of “several million dollars” on illegal campaign donations to American parties. “These dirty money is used to satisfy Bankman’s desire to buy bipartisan influence and influence the direction of public policy in Washington.”
盘和林也认为，班克曼的政治捐款中藏着野心：“他的目的可能是推进相关法案，将FTT这样的虚拟币合法化，从而掠取更大的利益。这在美国商界是普遍行为。”
In his view, Bankman has ambitions in his political contributions: “His aim may be to advance the bill by legitimizing virtual coins like FTTs, thereby reaping greater benefits. This is common in the United States business community.”
如今，曾被美国政坛奉为座上宾的大金主班克曼，成了政客们避之不及的过街老鼠。
Now, Benkman, the great gold lord who was a guest in the United States political arena, has become a stray rat for politicians.
在今年的伯克希尔哈撒韦公司股东大会上，巴菲特如此抨击加密货币：“它不是一种有生产能力的资产，它的价值就是取决于下一个人给上一个拥有虚拟币的人付多少钱。”
At this year's general meeting of shareholders in Birkhshiel Hasaway, Buffett was so critical of the encoded currency: “It is not a productive asset, its value depends on how much the next person pays the last person who owns a virtual coin.”
“我不知道未来一年、五年抑或是十年，比特币等虚拟货币的价格是涨是跌，但有一件事我很确定，那就是它不会产生任何实质性的东西。”
“I don't know if the price of a virtual currency like Bitcoin will rise or fall in the next year, five years or ten years, but one thing I'm sure is that it won't produce anything substantial.”
原标题：一夜玩飞千亿！这“90后”，“割了”顶级大佬
Original title: Playin' hundreds of billions a night! This is "after 90" and "Cut Up" is the top guy.
编辑：牟慧兰
Editor: Fortune Hye-lan
责编：龚小然
Entitled "Gon Xiaoran"
审核：冯飞
Audit: Feng Fei
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