文/王永菲
Man/Wang Yongfei
2021年01月26日，深圳市地方金融监督管理局发布的《关于进一步防范“虚拟货币”非法活动的风险提示》（下称《提示》）强调，近期，随着比特币、以太坊等虚拟货币价格不断攀升，虚拟货币炒作有所抬头，一些不法分子打着“虚拟货币”“数字货币”的旗号，开展虚拟货币非法活动，违反中国人民银行等七部委发布的《关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告》。
On 26 January 2021, the Hin Shenzhen City Local Financial Supervisory Authority issued the Risk Notice for Further Protection against Illegal Activities of the “Virtual Currency” (hereinafter referred to as the Tip), which emphasized that, in recent times, as prices of virtual currencies such as Bitcoin and Taiyeon have risen, virtual currency booming has led some outlaws to carry out illegal activities of virtual currency under the banner of “virtual currency” “digital currency”, in violation of the Proclamation on Protection against the Risk of Financing the Issue of Currency Generations, issued by seven ministries, including the People's Bank of China.
根据《提示》要求，深圳市互联网金融风险专项整治工作领导小组办公室对上述非法活动持续开展清理整治，通过现场约谈、行政调查、刑事打击等手段严肃处置。
In accordance with the Instructions, the Office of the Head of the Task Force for the Specialized Management of Financial Risks on the Internet in Shenzhen City has continued to clean up these illegal activities and to deal with them in a serious manner, including by means of on-site interviews, administrative investigations, criminal investigations, etc.
OKLINK链上数据分析，2020年涉及数字资产诈骗事件和勒索攻击近300起，造成经济损失逾32亿美金；?客攻击事件达到170件，造成经济损失达到23.3亿美元；DeFi攻击事件也达到了60起，损失逾2.5亿美元；多家加密钱包被嵌恶意软件，USDT等稳定币被更大规模的用于洗钱等活动。国内越来越多的投资者投资数字货币，市场对于严格监管涉及数字资产相关企业更加迫切。
Data analysis on the OKLINK chain, involving nearly 300 digital asset frauds and extortion attacks in 2020, resulted in economic losses of over $3.2 billion; 170 passenger attacks, resulting in economic losses of $2.33 billion; 60 DeFi attacks, resulting in losses of over $250 million; multiple encrypted wallets embedded in malicious software; and stable currencies such as USDT, which are being used on a larger scale for money-laundering, among others.
时隔一年的严打
hit after a year.
时隔一年，深圳再发文严打“虚拟货币”非法活动。2019年11月，深圳市互联网金融风险等专项整治工作领导小组办公室发布《关于防范“虚拟货币”非法活动的风险提示》，文章表示对“虚拟货币”非法活动展开排查取证，一经发现，将按照《关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告》要求严肃处置，并通知各区整治办、前海管理局、人民银行深圳市中心支行、市公安局经侦局、市通信管理局等单位共同开展虚拟货币交易场所排查整治。
In November 2019, the Office of the Head of the Task Force for the Specialized Management of Internet Financial Risks in Shenzhen City issued a Risk Alert on Preventing Illegal Activities in “Virtual Currency” which states that “Virtual Currency” illegal activities are subject to forensic screening and that, if discovered, they will be dealt with seriously in accordance with the Proclamation on Protection against the Risk of Financing the Issue of Currency, and will inform the District Offices, the former Maritime Administration, the central branch of the People's Bank Shenzhen City, the Municipal Public Security Bureau, etc.
2019年12月，深圳市地方金融监督管理局发布《关于召开虚拟货币非法活动专项整治会议的通知》文件，文件内容显示深圳整治办约谈了8家“涉及加密货币业务”企业，当时深圳地方金融管理局公开表示，已摸排出涉嫌开展虚拟货币非法活动的企业达39家。
In December 2019, the District Financial Supervisory Authority of Shenzhen City issued a circular on the convening of a special conference on the regulation of illicit activities in virtual currency, which showed that eight businesses involved in “encrypted money operations” had been interviewed by Shenzhen Correctional Services, when the Shenzhen Local Financial Authority had publicly indicated that 39 enterprises suspected of engaging in illicit activities in virtual currency had been identified.
深圳作为国内区块链以及“虚拟货币”最为活跃的城市之一，对于“虚拟货币”的态度一直保持严格监管，本报记者此前关注到2020年期间深圳市的诉讼案件超过100起，为全国最高。
Shenzhen, one of the most active cities in the country's block chain and the “virtual currency”, has maintained strict control over the “virtual currency”, and journalists in this newspaper have previously expressed concern that there were more than 100 lawsuits in Shenzhen City in 2020, the highest in the country.
刚刚发布的《提示》指出，不法分子打着“虚拟货币”“数字货币”的旗号，涉嫌从事非法集资、传销、网络赌博、诈骗等违法犯罪活动，如以“保本保收益”的名义，推出比特币理财等项目；以“投资返利”的名义，诱骗投资者购买“xx币”“xx豆”等形式的虚拟货币；为注册在境外的虚拟货币项目提供宣传、引流，引诱投资者参与等。同时提醒广大投资者对上述非法活动加强防范，及时举报相关违法违规线索，谨防上当受骗。
The Note just issued states that the outlaws, under the banner of “virtual currency” “digital currency”, are suspected of engaging in criminal activities such as illegal collection of funds, distribution, Internet gambling, fraud, for example, by launching projects such as Bitcoin for money in the name of “savory proceeds”; in the name of “investment returns”, by enticing investors to purchase virtual currency in the form of “xx coins”, “xx beans”, etc.; by providing publicity for virtual money projects registered abroad; by inducing investors to participate; and by reminding investors to step up their precautions against such illegal activities and to report in a timely manner relevant leads to violations of the law.
一位监管人士向本报记者表示，2017年中国人民银行等七部委发布的《关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告》以来，各省就坚持对“虚拟货币”非法金融活动“露头就打”的原则，持续保持监管高压态势，对于“虚拟货币”的监管一直在路上。对有利于创新的区块链技术积极扶持，对一些抱着割韭菜心理的“虚拟货币”发币、金融借贷以及理财服务等企业在监管过程中会限期整改甚至直接“打掉”。
A supervisor informed journalists that since 2017, when seven ministries and other ministries, such as the People's Bank of China, issued the Proclamation on Protection against the Risk of Money Issue Financing, the provinces have adhered to the principle of “surveillance” against “virtual currency” illegal financial activities, maintaining a constant high level of surveillance, and monitoring of “virtual currency” has been on the way.
本报记者梳理发现，2017年起，“虚拟货币”较为活跃的地区如北京、上海、深圳、杭州等省市均曾发文严打“虚拟货币”相关交易活动。
The newspaper's reporter found that since 2017, the most active regions such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hangzhou have been dealing with “virtual currency”-related transactions.
2019年11月，北京市地方金融监督管理局发布《关于交易场所分支机构未经批准开展经营活动的风险提示》。北京相关监管部门表示，目前北京市未批准任何交易场所设立分支机构，如有外埠交易场所（重点为金融资产交易所）分支机构在京开展经营活动，属于违规经营行为。同月，北京市地方金融监管局、人行营业管理部同中国互联网金融协会、国家互联网应急中心对辖内虚拟货币交易场所等组织全面摸排。
In November 2019, the Beijing City Local Financial Supervisory Authority issued a Risk Alert for unauthorised operations of branches of trading places. The relevant Beijing regulatory authorities indicated that no branch office was currently authorized in Beijing, and that it would be a violation if branches of foreign ports and ports (focusing on financial asset exchanges) were operating in Kyoto. In the same month, the Beijing City Local Financial Supervisory Authority, the Department of People’s Bank Administration, and the China Internet Finance Association and the National Internet Emergency Response Centre conducted a comprehensive survey of organizations such as the Virtual Money Exchange in China.
紧跟北京步伐，上海市金融稳定联席办和中国人民银行上海总部联合印发《关于开展虚拟货币交易场所排摸整治的通知》（下称《通知》），开展对辖内虚拟货币交易所排摸整治。之后，央行上海总部发布文件《加大监管防控力度，打击虚拟货币交易》表示，为进一步加大防控力度，根据国家互联网金融风险专项整治工作总体要求，上海市金融稳定联席会议办公室、人民银行上海总部联合上海市区两级各相关部门，对上海地区虚拟货币相关活动开展专项整治，责令在摸排中发现的为注册在境外的虚拟货币交易平台提供宣传、引流等服务的问题企业立即整改退出。
Following up on Beijing, the Shanghai Financial Stability Joint Office and the Shanghai Headquarters of the People’s Bank of China jointly issued a circular (hereinafter referred to as “the circular”) on the management of virtual currency exchanges in the Shanghai region. Following that, the Shanghai Central Bank’s Shanghai Headquarters issued a document, “Enhanced regulatory controls to combat virtual currency transactions,” stating that, in order to further strengthen controls, the Shanghai Joint Financial Stability Conference Office, the Shanghai Bank’s Shanghai Headquarters, and the relevant departments at the Shanghai municipal level, undertook a special overhaul of virtual currency-related activities in the Shanghai region, and ordered enterprises identified in the tweaking exercise to provide publicity, diversion, etc. services for a virtual money-trading platform registered abroad, to withdraw immediately, in accordance with the general requirements of the country’s dedicated financial risk management efforts.
上述监管人士向本报记者透露，临近年底，在深圳之后，今年或许马上会有更多的省市针对“虚拟货币”不法行为再次作出监管警示，加大“虚拟货币”相关的非法经营企业的清退力度。
The above-mentioned regulators have revealed to journalists that, towards the end of the year, after Shenzhen, more provinces and municipalities are likely to repeat their regulatory alerts in response to “virtual currency” irregularities this year, increasing the retreat of illegal businesses associated with “virtual currency”.
币圈灰色地带企业多，监管难度大
随着“币圈”玩法升级，变的更加复杂隐蔽，监管难度也在直线上升。2020年是区块链技术以及一些创新加密项目爆发的元年，产业区块链越来越多的落地，发票上链、区块链+医疗、供应链金融以及区块链+保险等，其中有切实落地的，也有借着区块链创新的名号在招摇撞骗的；在公链、Dapps，DeFi、NFT等热门项目中，有真正在探索创新的，但更大一部分是借着所谓的创新概念做“印钞机”割韭菜的，但是在经过监管的洗礼后，大部分企业在小心的打着擦边球，处在监管的灰色地带。 The year 2020 was the year when block-chain technology and some innovative encryption projects broke out, with industrial chains falling increasingly, invoice chains, block-chains plus medical treatment, supply chain finance and block-chains plus insurance, among them real landings, as well as new and innovative names for block chains; there were real innovations in public chains, Dapps, DeFi, NFT, etc., but a larger part of them were cut with so-called innovative concepts, but after a regulated baptism, most businesses were careful to rub the edges and were in a regulated grey area. 另外，2020年发生的盗币与洗钱事件的手法更加高明隐蔽。加密技术从业者Jameson接受本报记者采访时表示，不法分子在进行链上转移时，会进行多笔交易分拆转移、让更多的白名单账户在不知不觉中为其洗钱，最终这些不法分子将钱再流入免KYC服务机构和暗网，让监管者难以掌握证据，而链上匿名的交易特点使监管者很难找到不法分子。 Also, money theft and money-laundering in 2020 were more sophisticated and covert. In an interview with a journalist in this newspaper, the encryption technologist Jameson said that during the chain transfer, the outlaws carried out multiple transactions, allowed more white list accounts to launder money for them unwittingly, and eventually sent money back to KYC services and clandestine networks, making it difficult for regulators to gain access to evidence, while the anonymous nature of the chain made it difficult for regulators to find outlaws. 为应对上述情况，监管机构以及相关部门正加快推出相关管理办法。近几年，监管的重点一直针对是“虚拟货币”骗局、圈钱等违法行为。2020年的监管更加理性，在加大力度清理币圈乱象的同时，为适应区块链创新的发展，多地监管沙盒政策出台，一方面积极探索更加有效的监管方式，为区块链技术创新的发展创造良好的环境；另一方面也引导投资者进行理性投资，提高投资者的整体素质。 In response, regulators and the relevant sectors are accelerating the introduction of relevant regulatory approaches. In recent years, the focus of regulation has been on offences such as “virtual currency” frauds and money rings. （作者为华夏时报金融研究院研究员） He's a researcher at the Warsaw Times Financial Research Institute. 责任编辑：孟俊莲 主编：冉学东 Responsible Editor: Mon Jun-Lian, Editor-in-Chief: Peng Xiaodong 查看更多华夏时报文章，参与华夏时报微信互动（微信搜索「华夏时报」或「chinatimes」） Read more of the summer Times articles and participate in the summer Times micro-interactions ("/span" or "chinatimes
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