近年来，“区块链”逐渐成为热门话题，2018年各种关于区块链的行业资讯、投融资创业、技术和应用探索等集中爆发，业内称2018年为区块链元年。
In recent years, the “block chain” has become a topical topic, with a concentration of industrial information on the block chain, investment in entrepreneurship, technology and application exploration in 2018, known in industry as the year of the block chain.
区块链技术如此火爆，它到底距离普通用户的应用体验有多远？对传媒行业发展将带来哪些影响？关注此次发展论坛的同时，事儿君也恶补了一下区块链知识，和您一同揭开区块链的神秘面纱。
How far is the block chain technology so hot from its application to ordinary users? What will it have to do with the development of the media industry?
分布式、不可篡改、可追溯——“构造信任的机器”
区块链实质上就是数据库。区块链之所以如此“神奇”，是因为它是一种带有数据“散列验证”功能的数据库。也就是说，它按照时间顺序将数据区块组合成一种链式结构，并利用密码学算法、以分布式记账的方式，集体维护数据库的可靠性。
The block chain is essentially a database. The block chain is so “miraculous” because it is a database with a data “vesher authentication” function. That is, it combines the data blocks into a chain structure in chronological order and collectively maintains the database's reliability in a distributed way, using cryptographic algorithms.
分布式、不可篡改、可追溯，是区块链最主要的三大特征。正因为区块链这些特征，它能够防止信息篡改和伪造，很好地弥补现实社会信用体系的不足。区块链之所以能“火”，正是因为基于这三大特征，解决了现实社会广泛存在的“信任”问题，或者说能够很好地解决现行社会信任机制的成本和效率问题，特别是陌生人之间的信任关系问题。
Distributive, non-frozen, and retraceable are the three most important features of the block chain. It is precisely because of these characteristics that the block chain is capable of preventing manipulation and falsification of information and of making up for the shortcomings of the real social credit system. The block chain is “fire” precisely because it addresses the widespread problem of “trust” in a real society, or rather the cost and efficiency of existing mechanisms of social trust, especially among strangers.
“信任”是现代社会具有普遍性的问题。司法、货币、银行、公证、征信，都是为实现守信和相互信任而建立的社会机制。“中心化”也就是建立一个社会成员共同信任的“中心”。但是，现行的社会信任机制有诸多不太令人满意之处，且运行成本巨大。举例来说，借贷双方要通过银行系统建立彼此信任关系。由于借贷关系的信息不对称，银行信贷需要调查、审批、管理等一系列流程，其中大多是依靠人工完成，整个过程中成本高，效率低，并且蕴含较大的人为风险。而区块链技术正试图解决这种信任问题。
“Trust” is a universal problem in modern societies. Justice, money, banks, notaries, and letters of credit are all social mechanisms established to achieve trust and trust. “Centralization” is a “centre” of trust shared by the members of society.
区块链像是一个“共同的账本”，对每笔交易进行分布式记账，并通知到所有的“点”，各个“点”按照预先设定的规则独立地进行确认。系统将交易记录和相关数据打包成块，加上时间戳，编入数据库中，然后启动下一轮交易，新旧区块前后为继形成区块“链”。在整个过程中，信息公开透明，最主要的是参与者资格、权限完全对等。这样的交易记录可以无限追溯，且无法私自更改，除非能得到超过51%的“点”的同时确认，而当参与的“点”的数量足够庞大时，这事实上几乎是不可能的。第二代区块链还引入了“智能合约”机制，一旦触发交易条件，系统将自动实施强制交付、履行合约，所有的“点”都会见证和确认这一过程，防止背信弃义行为发生。信任关系由此得以建立。
The chain of blocks is a “common ledger” in which each transaction is recorded in a distributed manner and all “points” are notified independently, in accordance with predefined rules. The system packs the transaction records and the related data into blocks, time stamped into a database, then starts the next round of transactions, and the new and old blocks are followed by a block “chain”. Throughout the process, the information is open and transparent, primarily with the qualifications of the participants and the full equivalence of authority. Such records can be traced indefinitely and cannot be changed, unless more than 51 per cent of the “points” are identified, which is virtually impossible when the number of “points” involved is large enough. The second-generation chain also introduces a “smart contract” mechanism, and once the terms of the transaction are triggered, the system will automatically conduct a mandatory delivery, performance of the contract, all “points” will witness and confirm the process, preventing a breach of trust from occurring.
由此看来，区块链所建立的信任机制，不依赖于银行等“中心化”的权威，而是由所有参与者在平等和完备信息基础上达成“共识”，并由所有参与者共同维护。所以，区块链被称为“多数人对少数人的暴政”。
Thus, the trust mechanism established by the block chain does not depend on the authority of “centralized” banks, etc., but rather on the “consensus” of all participants based on equal and complete information, which is maintained by all participants. So the block chain is called “the tyranny of the majority against the minority”.
在人类技术发展史上，如果说蒸汽机使人类从繁重的体力劳动中解放出来，电的发明使人类进入电气时代，互联网彻底改变了人类信息传递方式，那么区块链作为“构造信任的机器”，“将可能彻底改变人类社会价值传递方式，从而让我们的数字世界跟我们的物理世界一样的真实。”
In the history of human technological development, if the steam engine freed humans from heavy physical labour, the invention of electricity brought humans into the electrical age, and the Internet completely changed the way human information is transmitted, then the chain of blocks, as a “mechanical of building trust”, “will completely change the way human social values are transmitted, so that our digital world is as real as our physical world”.
尽管区块链对于普通用户应用来说还处于“概念炒作”阶段，但是，区块链应用的广阔前景却不容置疑。目前，手机移动终端的区块链应用如“挖链”“贝数区块链”“区块链头条”“链斯达克”等，大多停留在区块链行业资讯服务，或者为用户炒股、炒汇等投资提供信息帮助的阶段，真正基于区块链技术原理的应用在开发和探索中。但是，区块链技术应用的推行已经启动。在不久前举行的博鳌亚洲论坛上，清华大学国家金融研究院院长朱民表示，区块链技术带来的影响将是革命性的，其应用前景十分广阔。据工业和信息化部相关人士透露，我国已经开始着手推动建立区块链国家标准，从顶层设计推动区块链标准体系建设。
While block chains are still in the “conceptic” phase for general user applications, there is no doubt about the broad prospects for the application of block chains. Currently, mobile cellular terminal block chains, such as the “Drawing chains” “Bellow chains” and the “Claude chains” headlines of the “Claude Starks”, mostly stay in sector chain industry information services, or provide information assistance for investments such as user stock-breeding, wire-blowing, etc., and are actually being developed and explored. However, the implementation of block chain technology applications has been initiated. At the recent Bojan Asia Forum, Chumin, President of the National Financial Research Institute of the University of Qinghua, stated that the impact of block chain technology will be revolutionary and its applications very promising.
创投、融资、人才大战——野蛮生长的区块链媒体
随着区块链技术走红，区块链媒体如“巴比特资讯”“链之财经”“火星财经”“金钱报”“深链财经”等，几乎在一夜之间进入人们视野。6月23日，在人民网主办的2018全球链界科技发展大会召开期间，“人民创投区块链研究院”正式成立，开启了我国主流媒体进军区块链领域的脚步。
With the technology of the block chain, the block chain media, such as the “Babit Information” “The Treasure of the Chain” “Mars” “The Money” “The Deep Chain” ” – almost overnight – have become visible. On June 23, during the launch of the 2018 Global Conference on the Development of Science and Technology in the Global Chain, organized by the People's Network, the People's Institute for the Creation of the Zones was officially established, opening the way for the mainstream media to enter the military sector.
区块链概念的炒作，点燃了媒体行业融资和人才争夺大战。仅在3月份，专注区块链领域的媒体“区块之家”获得“儒者创投”数百万元种子轮融资，主打区块链深度报道的“深链财经”宣布获得1000万元天使轮融资，“金钱报”宣布获得“极豆资本”数千万元投资，“虎尔财经”获数千万元天使轮融资……与此同时，随着区块链人才需求量逐渐增加，人才争夺战也如火如荼上演。据悉，区块链编辑的月薪已被抬高至3万。
In March alone, the block house, which focuses on the block chain area, was financed by millions of dollar seed wheels by the Confucians, the deep-chain finance, which is reported in depth in the block chain, announced 10 million won in Angels, the money paper announced tens of millions of dollars in “fellow capital” and the “Hurreb finance” was financed by tens of millions of yuan in Angels, while, at the same time, as the need for talent in the block chain gradually increased, the competition for talent grew.
上世纪90年代，传媒行业纷纷拥抱互联网。很多媒体把传统内容搬上互联网，就以为是“网络媒体”的全貌。回头来看，当年所谓的“网络媒体”不过是管中窥豹。真正的网络媒体的开端，是种种互联网应用的遍地开花。
In the 1990s, the media industry embraced the Internet. Many media moved their traditional content to the Internet, thinking of it as a whole.
反观眼下野蛮生长的区块链媒体，正如上世纪90年代互联网跑马圈地。从“报道区块链的媒体”到真正的“区块链媒体”的路还很远很长。区块链媒体不应仅仅是“以区块链技术及相关应用为主要报道对象的媒体”，更应该是“以区块链技术与应用为基础打造的媒体”。可以断言，能够最终胜出的区块链媒体，一定是根植于区块链技术、应用，并由此聚合海量用户的媒体。
Contrary to the current barbarous block chain media, like the Internet in the 1990s, there is still a long way to go, from “media covering the block chain” to the real block chain media. The block chain media should not be merely “media that focuses on block chain technology and related applications”, but rather “media that is based on block chain technology and applications.” It can be asserted that ultimately successful block chain media must be rooted in block chain technology, applications, and thus aggregate user media.
新闻打假、版权保护、内容付费——传媒领域的区块链应用
News fakes, copyright protection, content payments > >.
目前，区块链技术应用尚处于不断发展的阶段。对于传媒领域而言，如同“盲人摸象”，还有很大的未知性亟待探索。然而，基于区块链分布式、不可篡改、可追溯的基本特征和构造信任的基本功能，我们可以做出一些初步的推测和判断。
There is still a great deal of uncertainty to be explored in the area of the media, as is the case with the “blind image.” However, we can make some preliminary assumptions and judgements based on the distribution of blocks, their indeterminability, their traceability and the basic function of building trust.
新闻信源认证和自媒体内容审核。新媒体时代，网络谣言泛滥，自媒体平台把关责任缺失，导致网络空间鱼龙混杂、泥沙俱下。净化网络空间，优化网络环境，媒体监管难度很大。鉴于区块链技术不可篡改、无限追溯的特点，可以提供一整套方案实现新闻信源认证。据悉，一家日本公司开发的区块链技术平台“猕讯”，正计划为美国媒体提供信源认证。区块链技术还可以构建一个公开的分布式新闻数据库，建立自媒体新闻审核机制，就新闻的准确性和公正性进行审核，从而提高自媒体新闻的可信赖性。
The new media era has seen a proliferation of online rumours and a lack of accountability from media platforms, leading to a mix of fish and mud in cyberspace. Cleaning cyberspace and optimizing the network environment make media regulation difficult.
新闻版权保护。目前新闻传媒领域侵权易、保护难，对新闻文本复制、篡改行为难以举证，诉讼成本高，维权难度较大。而区块链技术可以提供更便捷、更安全、更低廉的版权保护。通过区块链版权登记系统、实时在线侵权监测系统等，用户可以发起版权登记申请、实名认证、提交作品，后台审核通过后，会生成区块链版权登记书，鉴于区块链开放性、自治性以及信息不可篡改性，每个作品都会生成唯一的不可篡改的索引编号，每一条信息的来源都可以无限追溯，大大缩减新闻版权保护成本。在图片版权保护领域，7月18日，百度首款区块链版权产品“图腾”举办上线发布会，据介绍，“图腾”可以在版权存证和维权举证两个环节实现版权保护。
By means of a block chain copyright registration system, a real-time online tort monitoring system, etc., users can initiate copyright registration applications, authentication of real names, submission of works, and a back-office review that will result in the creation of a block chain copyright registry. Given the openness of the block chain, autonomy and the non-alterable nature of the information, each piece of work will generate a unique and inexorable index number, and the source of each piece of information can be traced back indefinitely, significantly reducing the cost of copyright protection. In the area of copyright protection, on 18 July, in the context of photo copyright protection, “Tutten” of the 100th century chain copyright product, which is described as providing copyright protection at both the copyright record and the right of proof.
付费内容订阅。目前，内容付费已成为媒体行业一个新的风口，知乎、果壳、喜马拉雅FM等都开启了内容付费，今日头条上线付费阅读也已成定局。但是内容付费都是中心化的平台在运作，依然是大众传媒时代“撰稿人获取稿费”的模式。而借助区块链技术，撰稿人可以通过与平台签订“智能合约”进行自主定价，还可以直接和“订阅用户”互动获取打赏和订阅费用。基于区块链技术的内容付费，不再以付费墙区分谁是订户，而是将“使用行为”和“支付行为”结合在一起，实现“边浏览边支付”。
At present, content payments have become a new gateway for the media industry, with content payments, nuts, Himalayan FM, etc., starting with content payments, and today's headline readings have been finalized. But content payments, which are central platforms, remain the model of the mass media era of “writers getting copies.” By means of block-link technology, writers can make autonomous pricing through “smart contracts” with the platform, and can interact directly with “subscriptors” to obtain reward and subscription costs. Content payments based on block-chain technologies are no longer defined by a fee-wall, but by combining “use behaviour” and “paying behaviour” to achieve “beside-brows” payments.
（“研究事儿”微信公号）
"Study" microtranslator.
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