大家好，今天我们来聊一个技术热点：区块链。最近因为习大大在一次公开场合提到了区块链，所以区块链技术又成了一个热点话题。
Hello, let's talk about a technology hotspot today: block chains. Recently, block chain technology became a hot topic because of a big public reference to block chains.
那到底什么是区块链呢？区块链技术能干什么？其实区块链这个技术现在来说，也不算是特别新鲜的技术了，已经出来好多年了。大家都知道区块链有一个非常知名的，为大家所熟知的应用就是比特币。区块链的原理是什么呢？其实和很多年前我们用过一款产品非常类似，就是迅雷下载。
What is a block chain? What is a block chain technology? The block chain technology is not really new for many years now. Everyone knows that the block chain has a very well-known application, which is Bitcoin. What is the rationale for the block chain?
大家知道很多年前我们在网上下载东西，很多时候都会用迅雷下载。那时候网速还没那么快，但是用迅雷下载的时候就会比较快一些。为什么呢？因为迅雷的下载方式是P2P下载。
You know, many years ago, we downloaded things on the Internet, often with lightning. The net was not that fast, but it was faster when it was. Why? Because was downloaded in a very fast way by P2P.
什么叫P2P下载？我们平时下载的时候，是从本地向服务器去下载。如果你这边的网络和服务器之间的网络连接不太好，不太通畅，那么你的下载速度就会非常慢。因为你是单点对单点，一旦这个单点之间链条有问题，这个网络通道就会有问题，自然网速就很慢了。
What do you mean, P2P downloads? When we download it, we download it from the local server. If your network is not very well connected to the server, your download is very slow. 'cause you're a single point, and if there's a connection between this one point, there's a problem with the web access, and the natural speed is very slow. 而P2P下载会给你开拓很多个点，就好像在你的网络周边有很多台电脑，有很多的网络通道，这些网络节点上如果有你要下载的资源，他就会帮你建立一个连接。所以说迅雷的服务器，它只是帮你（和周边有你要下载资源的其他电脑间）建立连接的，它自己本身并不是资源服务器。所以说你要下载的文件并不在迅雷的服务器上，而是存储在网络中千千万万的电脑里面的。这些电脑有一些跟你的网络连接非常好，有一些跟你的网络连接非常差，迅雷的服务器会帮你把那些好的挑出来，然后让那些服务器跟你之间建立一个关联，让你去下载。这种方式就被称作P2P下载。 P2P downloads will open up a lot of things for you, as if there were a lot of computers around your network, a lot of web access, and if you had the resources to download on these network nodes, he'd help you build a connection. So the Thunder server, which is just connecting you (and the other computers around which you have the resources to download, is not a resource server per se. So the files you're downloading are not on a thunder server, but are stored in tens of thousands of computers in the network. These computers are very well connected to your network, some very poorly connected to your network, and the Thunder server will help you pick out the good ones, and then let those servers connect to you, so you can download them. This way is called P2P downloads. 那迅雷的P2P下载技术跟区块链有什么关系呢？这种下载方式就可以被看作是一种区块链的方式。也就是说在网络的很多台电脑里面，每一个电脑都是一个独立的节点，每一个节点里面都存了一个你想要下载文件的副本。这时候你会需要担心你要下载的文件明天突然不见了吗？不会的。除非网络里面所有的节点电脑里面那个文件全部都被同时销毁了，否则你还是能下载到这个文件的。假如有100个电脑里面都有这个文件，就算你摧毁了10个，我还有90个可以去下载。所以有了P2P下载之后，一个资源在互联网上就非常利于传播，一个资源就不容易被消灭掉，这就是P2P下载的一个优势。 What does the fast-drawn P2P download technology have to do with a block chain? This kind of download can be seen as a block chain. means that in many computers on the network, every computer is a separate node, and every node contains a copy of the file you want to download. Do you need to worry that the file you want to download will suddenly disappear tomorrow? No. You can still download it unless all the node computer in the network is destroyed at the same time. If there are 100 computers, I can download it. 也就是说，它利用了网络里面很多个单独的点来实现备份。这些点就被称为区块，所谓的区块链，就是用一个链条，把这些电脑里面存储的这些点连接起来，构成一条链条。那么大家可以思考一下像迅雷的服务器是不是就起到了这个链条的作用？怎么找到网络上哪些电脑里面都有这个资源呢？就是通过迅雷的服务器，帮着去把他们链起来，把它们查找起来，把它们连接起来？这其实就是一种类似区块链的应用。 In other words, it uses a number of separate points in the network for backup. These points are called blocks, so-called block chains, which are linked by a chain that links these points stored in the computer into a chain.
区块链解决的，其实就是这样一个问题。就是把网络上很多个电脑，或者说很多个区块，很多个节点之间，用一条链条连接起来，存储同一个东西。大家可能在想了，你存储同一个东西有什么用呢？目的是什么呢？区块链有两个特性，也是区块链所要实现的主要目标，我们这么一场折腾到底是图什么呢，就是图这两个目的。
The block chain solves the problem. It is that
第一就是去中心化。所谓去中心化的意思就是在我的整个网络，整个链条里面是没有中心节点的，所有节点的地位是均等的。像我们以前最早的客户端对服务器式的下载，如果把服务器端掉了，那不就没处下载了嘛。服务器其他的客户端，全部都没有用了。但是呢，迅雷的这种P2P下载就不会这样。就算你端掉了一个点，我还有剩下其他的点。想要把这个文件彻底销毁，除非把所有的节点里面的文件全部销毁，否则我总能找到一个。这就是去中心化。
The first thing about is decentralizing . Decentralization means that there are no central nodes in my entire network, the whole chain, and all nodes are equal. Like our original client downloads of the server, if the server is off, then there is no download anywhere. The other client of the server is useless. But then, the thundering P2P downloads won't do. Even if you drop one point, I have other nodes left. I can always find one if I want to destroy this document completely, unless all the nodes are destroyed. That is going to go to the centre.
第二个是不可抵赖性。不可抵赖性的意思就是有些事你做了所有人都知道所有人都记得，除非你把所有人都干掉，否则你就抵赖不了，总有人记得。大家可以想一下这就和一个文件一样，把这个事看作这个文件。这个文件发到互联网上，一旦被很多人存在自己电脑里面，你想要把这个文件赖掉，想把这个文件干掉，是非常难的。因为所有的电脑里面都有，所有的节点都记录了，你想要消灭这个事情，你得把所有的节点全部消灭掉，这就是不可抵赖性和去中心化。
The second is irreconcilable. The incontrovertible meaning is that there's something you do that everyone knows you remember, and you can't deny it unless you take everyone out. You can think of it as a document, just like a document. It's an Internet document that, once a lot of people are on your computer, you want to rip it off, and it's hard to kill it. Because there's all the nodes in all the computers. You want to destroy it, and you have to eliminate all the nodes, and that's undeniable and decentralized.
大家结合迅雷P2P下载的特点去想一下，其实相似度是很高的。区块链上这两种特性是非常自然的，那这两种特性有什么用呢？咱们举个例子：譬如说有两个人，A跟B借了10元钱，隔了几天了，B问A要的时候，A说我没借你钱啊，这时候都说不清楚了。因为是A向B直接出借的，这个事儿只有A跟B两个人知道。也没有借条，也没有什么其他东西证明，这时候B就可以抵赖，对A说我没借，看你能把我怎么地。
Let's just think about it in conjunction with the features of the P2P download. The two features are very natural on the block chain. What is the use of the two? For example, two people, A and B, borrowed $10 a few days later. When B asked A for it, A said I didn't borrow your money. It's not clear. Because A borrowed it directly from B. The only thing that matters is strong A and B < strong >. There's nothing else to prove.
大家再设想另一个场景，4个人在打麻将，这个B跟A借了10元钱，过了几天，A去跟B要钱，这个B能抵赖吗？不能的。因为4个人打麻将的时候，你借钱的时候，同时还有C和D也在，那这时候相当于有4个节点A、B、C、D。是4个人对不对？这时候呢，就有不可抵赖性了，因为B跟A订立这个契约的时候，同时C和D也知道。如果你想赖账，你就得想办法把C和D也干掉。
Imagine another scene, four men playing mahjong, and this B borrowed $10 from A. A few days later, A went to ask for money from B. Can this B deny it? No. Because when four men play mahjong, you borrow money, and there are also Cs and Ds, which are four nodes As, Bs, Cs, Ds. That's four, right? That's when it's irreconcilable, because when B makes this deal with As, Cs and Ds know it. If you want to do it, you have to find a way to kill Cs and Ds, too.
这个打麻将的案例中只有4个人。如果假设有4万个人，你总不能为了赖10元钱，你把4万个人全都干掉吧？所以说，当它的节点数量很多的时候，当区块很多的时候，这条区块链，就可以用来实现去中心化和不可抵赖性这两个目的。
In the case of mahjong, there are only four people. If there are 40,000 people, you can't kill 40,000 people for $10. So, when there's a lot of nodes, when there's a lot of blocks, this chain of blocks can be used to achieve both decentralisation and irreconcilability.
那么区块链的这两个特性跟什么能够结合呢？其实它有两个地方可以结合。为什么现在我们都在探讨区块链，为什么大家都在谈论这个技术呢？这个技术对于我们来说有什么用呢？目前区块链对中国来说，至少有两个价值，这也是国家为什么要大力发展区块链技术的关键因素。
So what do these two attributes of the block chain combine? There are two places we can combine. Why are we all talking about the block chain now? Why are we all talking about this technology? What is the use of this technology for us?
第一个因素就是促进我们国家的信用体系的建设。大家知道中国的国家又大人又多、面积广阔，有很多骗子都是这里骗一个人又跑那里去骗。因为我们大家很难知道他是一个骗子，因为人太多了，你不好去广播，你也不好去记录，也不好去同步这些诈骗信息。有什么办法呢？大家想一下，假设我们把整个社会构建成一个区块链，这个人在这里一旦行骗，那么就会进入到他的征信，在别的地方一查就能查到。这时候他再去诈骗，再去有这些不诚信的行为，在别的地方就能查到，就能很容易的解决这个问题。所以说，区块链可以帮助我们来构建这种信用社会。这个现在实际上已经在应用了，现在我们已经有基于区块链技术的电子发票了。这样就可以防止你虚开发票，可以防止假发票。这个技术是已经在使用当中了，在我们的信用生活当中，还会有很多应用，以后你都能陆续看到。
The first element is to promote the construction of our nation's credit system. You know that China's country is big and big, and many liars lie here and there. We all have difficulty knowing that he is a liar, because there are too many people to broadcast, you can't record, and you can't synchronize the information. What's the first way?
还有另一个很大的一个作用，就是人民币国际化。现在我们人民币要出海，因为中国现在经济强大了，国际影响力扩展了，人民币想要实现国际化，这时候区块链就是一个非常好的助力。但是大家知道现在是美元霸权，那么人民币要想要去实现这种突破是很难的。这时候如果有一种去中心化，并且不可抵赖的一种电子货币，然后跟人民币能够结合起来，那必然能够帮助人民币，实现更好的国际竞争力，更容易让国外的人来接受。
But knowing that the dollar is now hegemonic, it is difficult for the renminbi to achieve such a breakthrough. This time, if there is a centralized and indefensible electronic currency, then combined with the renminbi, it will certainly help the renminbi, achieve better international competitiveness and make it easier for people abroad to accept it.
正是因为这两个原因，所以说我们国家才要大力发展区块链技术。因为它对我们的国家，对国内包括对国外都是有非常大的意义的。
It is for these two reasons that the development of block chain technology in our country should be vigorously pursued, because it is of great significance to our country, both domestically and abroad.
今天因为时间有限，我们就简单讲一下。大家感兴趣的话，你可以自己去搜索更多的一些信息来学习。如果感兴趣，也可以在我们后台留言，后续我们也可以给大家带来更多的一些解读。好的，谢谢。
Today, because of time constraints, let's be brief. If you're interested, you can search for more information yourself to learn. If you're interested, you can leave a message on our backstage, and then we can bring you some more reading. Okay, thank you.
& nbsp; 
今日留言话题：谈谈你心中的区块链。
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