利用电脑破解一个复杂算法就会产生一枚比特币。比特币是去中心化的，其发行量不依赖于任何发行者，仅依赖于算法本身。任何一台连接互联网的电脑都可以进行点对点比特币转账，资金的流动只依赖于网络，不需要通过第三方机构如银行等，所以根本就无法被监管。
Any computer connected to the Internet can make point-to-point bitcoin transfers, and the flow of funds is based on networks and does not require third-party institutions, such as banks, so that it cannot be regulated at all.
比特币可以在互联网之外换成其他传统货币。美国MtGox交易所网站实时显示比特币兑美元、欧元等世界主要货币牌价。
Bitcoins can be replaced with other traditional currencies outside the Internet. The US MtGox website shows in real time the world’s main currency prices, such as the United States dollar and the euro.
比特币常被用来进行非法资产转移——用本国货币买入比特币，在国外交易平台卖出，再以美元取出
Bitcoin is often used for illicit asset transfers — to buy bitcoin in local currency, sell it on foreign trading platforms, then take it out in United States dollars.
近期，1枚比特币的价格跃至1万元人民币。谈及此事，曾经的“玩家”刘永淡淡地说，“比特币一言不合就翻倍，一言不合就腰斩，现在比以前要温和不少。2013年年底，1枚比特币价格达到1238美元，当天价格超过黄金每盎司单价。然后，一路震荡到160美元”。
Recently, the price of a bitcoin jumped to RMB 10,000. Speaking of this, the former “player” Liu Young-ming said, “Biteco doubles and doubles, and is now more moderate than before. At the end of 2013, the price of a bitcoin reached US$ 1238, which exceeds the price per ounce of gold on that day.
今年以来，在中国市场，比特币交易价格经历了几次“跳水”，不过随后又逐渐反弹，并创出新高。2017年1月11日，中国人民银行在北京、上海督查比特币三大交易平台，比特币价格“闪崩”，当日跌幅达17.92%。2月9日，央行发布《人民银行营业管理部继续约谈在京比特币交易平台》公告后，比特币价格跌幅达6.63%。
This year, in the Chinese market, Bitcoin trading prices have gone through several “dumps” but have gradually rebounded and become newly high. On 11 January 2017, the People’s Bank of China “shattered” the price of Bitcoin in three major trading platforms, Beijing and Shanghai, fell by 17.92% on that day. On 9 February, following the announcement by the Central Bank’s Ministry of People’s Banking Operations to continue interviews with the trading platform in Kyoto, the price of Bitcoin fell by 6.63%.
梳理比特币交易价格的每一次大幅涨跌可以发现，在所有影响因素中，“合法性”几乎占据了决定性的地位。
In each of the steep increases and drops in the transaction price of the bibit currency, it can be seen that “legitimateity” holds almost decisive place among all the influencing factors.
“合法性”问题未解决
事实上，能消费比特币的地方并不多，更多时候只是在比特币发烧友之间支付。在实体经济中，比特币的“购买力”与法定货币差得远，甚至比不上虚拟的腾讯Q币。
In fact, there are not many places to consume bitcoin, more often only between bitcoin fever friends. In the real economy, bitcoin’s “purchasing power” falls far short of the legal currency, even compared to the virtual telecommunications Q.
不过，相比腾讯Q币等，比特币有个巨大优势：能套现。也就是说，比特币可以在互联网之外换成其他传统货币。美国MtGox交易所网站实时显示比特币兑美元、欧元等世界主要货币牌价。
This means that bitcoins can be replaced with other traditional currencies outside the Internet. The US MtGox website shows in real time the world’s main currency prices, such as the United States dollar and the euro.
“比特币热”要从2008年说起，一位名叫中本聪(可能是化名)的程序员写了一篇概述比特币设计的论文，描述了这种以电子方式交易的货币，只要你的电脑接入了互联网，就可以将货币转移到世界上任何一个角落。它被命名为比特币(bitcoin)。
“Bitcoin fever” begins in 2008, when a programmer named Nakamoto (possibly aliases) wrote a paper outlining the design of Bitcoin, describing the currency that is traded electronically and that can be transferred to any corner of the world as long as your computer is connected to the Internet. It is named Bitcoin.
中本聪设计了一个复杂的算法，你用电脑去破解这个算法就会产生比特币，这被称为“挖矿”。当你的电脑完成了一定的任务后，一枚新比特币就会被创造出来。
Nakamoto designed a complex algorithm, and you use a computer to crack that algorithm to produce bitcoin, which is called "mining." When your computer completes a certain task, a new bitcoin is created.
最初，这些工作很容易完成，只要用你的电脑就能很快生产出一堆比特币。当你下载比特币客户端软件并设置为“开采”模式，你就等于将自家的电脑贡献给整个网络做计算，从中获得的奖励就是50个比特币。这和同样是P2P模式的BT下载原理很像，你的电脑既在下载资源，也是上传资源的种子。随着加入者越来越多，没有强大显卡的计算机在几年内不可能开采到比特币。
Initially, it's easy to do this, and you can quickly produce a bunch of bitcoins with your computer. When you download the bitcoin client software and set it up as a "exploitation" model, you can calculate your own computer for the entire network, and the reward is 50 bitcoins. This is similar to the same BT download in the P2P model, and your computer is downloading and uploading the resource. As more and more people join it, computers without a strong card are unlikely to be able to extract bitcoin in a few years.
在比特币论坛上，一位曾经售卖计算机显卡的销售人员用“打了鸡血”来形容2011年比特币对他的刺激。2011年4月，他卖出了270张显卡，“那时候来店里采购高端显卡的，一聊起来，十之八九就是用来搞比特币的，还在我店里现场演示挖矿，用来比较挑选显卡”。
At the Bitcoin Forum, a salesman who used to sell computer cards used the word "dry" to describe the 2011 hit by Bitcoin. In April 2011, he sold 270 cards, “when he came to the store to buy high-end cards, he talked about it and used it to get bitcoin, and to demonstrate the mining in my shop to compare the selection of the cards”.
这种网上交易是否安全，是人们最关心的一点。按照密码学设计，所有比特币用户通过一个分布式网络连接，每个用户有一对密钥，私有密钥是身份认证，隐藏在计算机中；公共密钥是接受别人发送比特币的地址。
The safety of such online transactions is one of the most important concerns. By cryptography, all Bitcoin users are connected through a distributed network, with each user having a pair of keys, the private key being authentication, hidden in a computer; the public key is accepting someone else to send a Bitcoin address.
和真实货币相比，比特币交易自由得多。据业内人士介绍，任何一台连接互联网的电脑都可以进行点对点比特币转账，资金的流动只依赖于网络，不需要通过第三方机构如银行等，所以根本就无法被监管，银行也就没办法收手续费，也不会有所谓的额度限制。
Bitcoin transactions are much freer than real currencies. According to industry sources, any computer connected to the Internet can make point-to-point bitcoin transfers, and the flow of funds is based on a network that does not need to go through third-party institutions, such as banks, so that they cannot be regulated, and banks cannot collect fees or so-called limits.
不过，按照设计，随着越来越多的比特币被创造出来，你的电脑就需要做更多的工作才能创造出新的比特币，最终大约到2040年，比特币的总量会永远限制在2100万枚。
However, by design, as more and more bitcoins are created, your computer will need to do more to create new bitcoins, and eventually, by about 2040, the amount of bitcoins will be permanently limited to 21 million.
“一个最大的特点是，比特币是去中心化的，其发行量不依赖于任何发行者，比如银行、政府和企业，而仅依赖于算法本身，这就从根本上保证了任何人或机构都不可能操纵比特币的总量。”北京邮电大学通信法研究中心主任娄耀雄告诉《法制日报》记者。
“The biggest feature is that Bitcoin is decentralized and its distribution is not dependent on any issuer, such as banks, governments and businesses, but on the algorithm itself, which essentially guarantees that no one or institution can manipulate the amount of Bitcoin.” The Director of the Centre for Communications Law Studies at Beijing Post and Telecommunications University, Yoo Yoo Yoo, told the Rule of Law Journal reporter.
2011年，维基解密、互联网档案、自由软件基金会、电子前哨基金会等组织，宣布接受比特币的捐赠。一些互联网企业随后也表示接受比特币的付款方式。然而，由于法律地位前景不明，其中部分组织此后又宣布停止接收比特币。
In 2011, organizations such as WikiLeaks, the Internet Archives, the Free Software Foundation, and the Electronic Frontline Foundation announced their acceptance of the Bitcoin donation. Some Internet companies subsequently indicated their acceptance of the Bitcoin payment modality.
2013年8月19日，德国政府成为全球第一个正式认可比特币合法身份的国家。10月29日，加拿大温哥华激活全球第一部比特币自动提款机。
On August 19, 2013, the German government became the first country in the world to officially recognize the legal identity of Bitcoin. On October 29, Vancouver, Canada, activated the world's first Bitcoin ATM.
要真正得以流通，一个合法的身份必不可少。但是，包括中国在内的大多数国家，均未认可比特币的合法货币地位。正因为此，在比特币价格的众多影响因素中，“合法性”几乎成了决定性的一个因素。
But most countries, including China, do not recognize the legal monetary status of Bitcoins. That is why “legitimate” is almost a determining factor among the many influences of Bitcoin prices.
2013年11月19日，美国参议院就比特币引起的政策问题进行讨论，这在当天刺激了比特币价格的飙升，但是会上并没有人提出立法的建议。这种谨慎的态度，让比特币的价格在当天冲高后迅速回落。
On 19 November 2013, the United States Senate held discussions on the policy issues raised by Bitcoin, which stimulated a surge in bitcoin prices on the same day, but no legislative proposals were made. This cautious approach allowed Bitcoin’s prices to fall quickly after the same day.
在中国，不到一个月后，中国人民银行官网上公布了央行等五部门此前下发的《关于防范比特币风险的通知》，明确比特币只是一种特定的虚拟商品，不能且不应作为货币在市场上流通使用。
In China, less than a month later, the People's Banking Officer of China posted on the Internet a previously issued Notice for Protection against Bitcoin Risk by the Central Bank and five other sectors, making it clear that Bitcoin is only a specific virtual commodity and cannot and should not be used as a currency in the market.
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