5月20日，工业和信息化部信息中心发布《2018中国区块链产业白皮书》（简称《白皮书》）。《白皮书》深入分析了我国区块链技术产业发展现状，总结了我国区块链产业的发展特点，深入阐述了区块链在金融领域和实体经济的应用落地情况，并对产业发展趋势进行了展望。
On 20 May, the Information Centre of the Ministry of Industry and Informationization issued the White Paper on the Sector Chain Industry of China 2018, known as the White Paper, which provides an in-depth analysis of the current state of technological development in the sector chain in China, summarizes the characteristics of the development of the sector chain in the country, provides an in-depth picture of the location of the sector chain in the financial sphere and in the real economy, and provides a perspective on the trends in industrial development.
区块链全产业链条已初步形成
The whole chain of blocks has been formed at an initial stage.
目前，我国区块链产业链条已经初步形成。截止到2018年3月底，我国以区块链为主营业务的区块链公司数量达456家，从上游的硬件制造、基础设施、安全服务，到下游的产业技术应用服务，以及保障产业发展的行业投融资、媒体、人才服务，各领域的公司已经基本完备，协同有序，共同推动产业不断前行。
At the end of March 2018, there were 456 block-link companies operating primarily on the block chain, from upstream hardware manufacturing, infrastructure, security services to downstream industrial technology applications, and industry investment, media and talent services, which guarantee industrial development.
从公司的地域分布状况来看，地域分布相对集中，产业集聚效应明显。北京、上海、广东、浙江依然是区块链创业的集中地，位于4省市的区块链企业占比超80%。除此以外，中国区块链创业活跃度前十名的省份还包括江苏、四川、福建、湖北、重庆、贵州。
Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, and Zhejiang continue to be the focal points for sector-based business ventures, accounting for more than 80% of the total number of sector-based businesses in four provinces and cities. In addition, the top 10 provinces in which China’s block-based businesses are active include Jiangsu, Sichuan, Fujian, Hubei, Chongqing, and Guizhou.
从区块链产业细分领域分布状况来看，截止到2018年3月底，区块链领域的行业应用服务类公司数量最多，其中主要为金融行业应用服务的公司数量达到86家，主要为实体产业应用服务公司数量达到109家。此外，区块链解决方案、底层平台、区块链媒体及社区领域的相关公司数量均在40家以上。
By the end of March 2018, there were the largest number of industry applications service companies in the block chain sector, of which 86 were primarily financial sector applications and 109 were real industry applications. In addition, there were more than 40 related companies in block chain solutions, bottom platforms, block chain media and community areas.
从融资轮次分布状况来看，区块链产业目前还处于非常早期的阶段。有接近90%的投资事件集中在早期阶段（A轮及以前），另外有9%的投资事件属于战略投资，B轮及以后的投资事件占比仅为2%，区块链产业发展方兴未艾。
The block chain industry is still at a very early stage in terms of the distribution of financing wheels. Nearly 90% of investment events are concentrated in the early stages (a round and before), while 9% are strategic investments, B rounds and beyond account for only 2% of investment events, and the sector chain industry is on the rise.
助推传统产业高质量发展
Promoting quality development in traditional industries
当前，区块链应用加快落地，助推传统产业高质量发展。我国区块链应用呈现多元化，从金融延伸到实体领域都有落地应用，涵盖供应链金融、贸易金融、征信、交易清算、积分共享、保险、证券等金融领域，以及商品溯源、版权保护与交易、电子证据存证、财务管理、精准营销、大数据交易、工业、能源、医疗、数字身份、物联网、公益、电子政务等实体产业领域。
Currently, block-chain applications accelerate landings and contribute to the high-quality development of traditional industries. Our block-chain applications are diversified from finance to entity areas, covering such areas as supply-chain finance, trade finance, mail collection, clearing of transactions, stock-sharing, insurance, securities, etc., as well as commodity traceability, copyright protection and trading, electronic evidentiary documentation, financial management, precision marketing, big data transactions, industry, energy, medical care, digital identity, property networking, public goods, e-government, etc.
实体经济产业领域是区块链技术应用落地的“主战场”，区块链技术的价值也将集中体现为落地产业场景后带来的价值增量。区块链技术已经开始与实体经济产业深度融合，形成了一批“产业区块链”项目，迎来产业区块链“百花齐放”的大时代。
The real-economy sector is the “main battlefield” in which block-chain technology is applied, and the value of block-chain technology will be concentrated on adding value to the site-based industry landscape. Block-chain technology has begun to blend deeply with the real-economy industry, forming a group of “industry-block” projects that usher in the era of “flash” in the industrial chain.
基于区块链系统，数据可以被有效地确权，且数据要被多方验证，同时不可篡改，基本上可以较为有效地保障数据的真实性。这种数据上链的过程，称为“可信数字化”。这一过程有助于加速实现“产业协作环节信息化”。区块链技术，为传统的实体产业提供了一步到位直接实现“可信数字化”的机遇。
On the basis of a block chain system, data can be validly authenticated and validated by multiple sources of data, and cannot be tampered with. The process of this data chain is called “credible digitization.” This process helps to speed up the “information of industrial collaborations.” Block chain technology provides a step-by-step opportunity for the traditional real industry to directly “credible digitization”.
区块链产业风险不可忽视
The risk of the block chain industry cannot be ignored.
尽管区块链技术的正向价值逐步显示，但产业发展过程中仍然伴随一系列不可忽视的风险，亟需加以防范。
Although the positive value of block chain technology is gradually being demonstrated, industrial development is still accompanied by a series of risks that cannot be ignored and that need to be prevented.
目前，区块链行业主要面临两类风险：一类是合规性风险，在区块链发展的早期阶段，出现一批通过ICO（首次代币发行）进行非法集资、传销甚至是欺诈的项目。还有一些项目，从本质上并没有真正利用区块链技术，只是打着区块链的旗号，获得了与实际价值完全不相符的估值。另一类是技术层面的风险，诸如攻击、私钥和终端安全、共识机制安全，以及传统的网络攻击造成网络堵塞、分叉等，进而导致整个区块链系统的可信性受到质疑，给网络参与者造成严重损失。
At present, the block chain industry is exposed to two main types of risk: one is compliance risk, where, in the early stages of the development of the block chain, there are a number of projects that illicitly collect, distribute, or even defraud through the ICO (first issue of tokens). There are a number of projects that, by their very nature, do not make real use of block chain technology, but only under the banner of the block chain, obtain valuations that are completely inconsistent with actual values. The other is at the technical level, such as attacks, private key and terminal security, security of consensus mechanisms, and traditional cyberattacks that result in network congestion, segmentation, etc., leading to questions about the credibility of the entire block chain system, causing serious losses to network participants.
此外，网络参与主体责任划分、账本数据最终归属、成本偏高、交易区块具有选择性等问题，也导致区块链技术落地应用时会面临较大风险。
In addition, issues such as the division of responsibilities among the main players involved in the network, the final attribution of book data, the high cost and the selectivity of trading blocks have also led to greater risks in the application of block chain technologies.
将成为“数字中国”建设的重要支撑
It's going to be an important support for the "digital China" construction.
作为“价值互联网”的重要基础设施，区块链正在引领全球新一轮技术变革和产业变革。我国区块链行业的技术创新正在加速，并且在一些相关技术上处于领先地位。
As an important infrastructure for the “value Internet,” block chains are leading a new round of technological and industrial change around the globe. Technological innovation in the block chain industry is accelerating and is leading in a number of related technologies.
下一阶段，我国将继续加快公链等价值互联网基础设施的建设，积极建设具有中国特色的区块链产业生态。区块链领域也随之将成为创新创业的聚集地，技术应用在未来3年将在实体经济中广泛落地，成为“数字中国”建设的重要支撑。
In the next phase, we will continue to accelerate the construction of valuable Internet infrastructure, such as the public chain, and actively build a Chinese-characterized block-chain industrial ecology. The block-chain area will then become a confluence of innovative entrepreneurship, and technology applications will become widespread in the real economy over the next three years, providing important support for the construction of a “digital China.”
此外，区块链将打造新型平台经济，加速“可信数字化”进程，带动金融“脱虚向实”，服务实体经济。同时，区块链监管和标准体系也将进一步完善，违法违规的项目则将会受到严格监管，从而共同创造出良好的发展环境，为产业区块链项目深入服务实体经济提供有力保障。
In addition, the block chain will create a new platform economy, accelerate the process of “credible digitization” that will lead to financial “discovery” and service the real economy. At the same time, the system of block chain regulation and standards will be further improved, and projects that violate the law will be strictly regulated, thus creating a favourable environment for development and providing strong guarantees for industrial block chain projects to reach the real economy.
（吴 浩）
(U-Ho)
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