最早听到Web3.0的概念还是在19年波卡的活动上，但当时由于相关知识储备匮乏，所以Gavin Wood的主题演讲听的云里雾里，之后工作便进入了垄断性的互联网平台化，离Web3.0越来越远，直到最近的Internet Computer的Hackathon又让我再次遇到Web3.0，借此机会也搜集了大量的Web3.0的资料，试图建构起自己对于Web3.0的系统化认知，以此作为根基来探索Web3.0中的机会，希望能在未来蓬勃发展的Web3.0之中分一杯羹。
The concept of Web3.0 was first heard of the 19-year Poca event, but Gavin Wood's keynote speech was cloudy because of the scarcity of the relevant knowledge, and work then moved into monopolistic Internet platforms, further away from Web3.0, until the recent Internet Computer Hackathon brought me back to Web3.0 and took the opportunity to gather a great deal of Web3.0 information, trying to build up its own systematic understanding of Web3.0 as an opportunity to explore Web3.0 as a platform for exploring Web3.0, hoping to have a share of the Web3.0 that will flourish in the future.
谈Web3.0之前，先来谈一些自己对于物理世界与数字世界的一些平台化认知。
Before we talk about Web3.0, talk about some of our own platformed perceptions of the physical and digital worlds.
在物理世界之中，海洋，山脉曾是地理的边界，但随着人类技术的不断发展，海洋，山脉都已经不再是阻碍了，理论上只要我们愿意，我们可以前往世界上任何的地域，但是现实却不是如此，国家的出现，导致了边界的产生，国家征集军人守卫国界线，形成一个屏障，将世界进行地理切割。而国家是在群体欲望与资源供给能力不相符之时组织形态演化的产物。国家的早期，统治者为了国家的持续健康发展，或者说是为了自己的权利地位，排除不稳定性因素是至关重要的，各类部落小组织不断被收编或者打倒，国家持续繁荣，由于垄断的统治地位，减少了战争，人口也不断增加，税收也会持续增加，国家越来越富有，形成马太效应。
In the physical world, the ocean, where mountains used to be geographical boundaries, was no longer an obstacle to the ocean as human technology evolved. Theoretically, if we wished, we could go to any part of the world, but the reality was otherwise. The emergence of States led to the creation of borders, the recruitment of military guards, the formation of a barrier, and the geographical cutting of the world.
数字世界最初形成之际，其无非是用TCP，IP等一系列通信协议所构建起来的网络，TCP，IP不过我们物理世界之中的道路，只要接入此网络，我可以访问数字世界之中的任何地方。但是只是单纯的基于TCP，IP之上，除了思科等基础的通讯商可以盈利，其它人分不到利益的，于是在Web1.0，Web2.0开始有人考虑在TCP，IP之上构建更多的创新性建设，创造商业模式，于是便形成了更好的检索信息的Google，方便与人沟通的Facebook等，由于其平台化的垄断优势，聚集了最多的用户，因此资金就会充裕，有足够多的用户和资金就可以不断的收购小公司，或者通过抄袭将竞品杀死在襁褓之中，平台化公司持续繁荣，逐步形成马太效应。
When the digital world was first formed, it was a network built by a series of communications agreements, such as TCP, IP, but roads in our physical world, with access to it, that I could access anywhere in the digital world. But it was simply based on TCP, IP, where basic communicators such as Cisco could be profitable and no one could benefit from it. Then Web1.0, Web 2.0, when people began to think about building more innovative construction on TCP, IP, creating business models, created better access to information, Facebook, etc., which, because of its platformed monopoly advantage, brought together the largest number of users, would be rich enough to have enough users and money to buy small companies on a continuous basis or, by copying, would kill competitions in the middle, the platform would prosper and the company would gradually become too effective.
互联网中的平台与国家的形态如此的相似，为了少数人的利益，聚集群体，然后以各种理念价值灌输，最终从群体之中剥夺利益，实现个人利益最大化。开始都是为了用户，为了人民最终还是为了上市，为了政治。国家和平台所做的事情是类似的，都是在寻租，划定了地盘等待租赁，我们出生在这里，看似是我的家，实际是在用自己的个税，用自己的劳动来付着租金。而在互联网平台之上，我们则是用自己的注意力，个人隐私数据来支付我们在平台上的租金。
The platforms in the Internet are so similar to the shape of the country that, for the benefit of a few, gather groups, and then indoctrinate them with various philosophical values, ultimately depriving them of their interests and maximizing their personal interests. First, they are for users, for people’s ultimate sake, or for people’s sake, and for politics.
每隔一段时间，似乎都会有共产主义复兴的思潮，因为在国家之中因为种种原因财富慢慢聚集到少数人之中，大多数居民生活质量下降或者不及预期，不想继续满足国家的寻租，不想在这里继续居住了，于是开始游行抗议示威，为自己的生活争取更多的自由和权益，而互联网的平台化出现到现在20多年过去了，Web3.0似乎就是这样的一股思潮。可信计算，去中心化，社区自治等等似乎都是在将矛头指向既得利益者，要进行一次再分配。
Every once in a while, there seems to be a resurgence of communism, as wealth slowly gathers among the few in the country for a variety of reasons, the quality of life of the majority of the population falls or falls short of expectations, does not want to continue to satisfy the country's rent-seeking, does not want to continue to live here, and then marches to protest against demonstrations for more freedom and rights in their lives, and the Internet platform has emerged for more than 20 years, and Web3.0 seems to be such a wave of thought. Credible calculations, decentralization, community autonomy, etc., seem to be pointing to vested interests for a redistribution.
至此，我们可以说Web3.0是符合历史规律的一次数字世界的共产主义思潮，亦或是数字世界平台垄断后，多数人丧失上升路径的一次集体反抗。李大钊和陈独秀看着中国劳苦的工人食不果腹，宣誓要为四万万同胞建立新的中国，而活跃在Web3.0的领袖们则是看着一个个互联网平台大佬们首富位置你来我往，而大众每天除了娱乐至死，一无所获。20年后看我们现在毫无收益的刷手机的行为或许会觉得自己像极了当时陈独秀在海河边上看到的穷苦百姓。
So, we can say that Web3.0 is a communist thought wave in a digital world that is consistent with history, or that most people lose a collective resistance to rising paths after the digital world platform monopolizes. Li Dae-jung and Chen Xiu-soo watched China’s labor workers suffer, vowed to create a new China for 40,000 fellow Chinese citizens, while the leaders who are active in Web3.0 are watching a big Internet platform come to me, and the public finds nothing but entertainment every day.
现在讲Web3是什么，无疑是在问外星人是什么样的。一个还在萌芽期的树苗，我们无法预知它未来的形态会是一棵参天红杉还是一棵驼背小槐树。对于Web3.0是没有明确定义的，但是所有在做Web3的人是带着一些共识去做的。 最基础的共识就是，在平台化垄断的今天，我们想让互联网变的更美好。这是非常空，非常宏观的想法，如同让世界更美好一样，但是怎么让世界更美好呢？原有的平台化垄断存在什么问题呢？Web3又准备用什么样的问题去解决呢？
What we're talking about is what we're talking about, no doubt, about aliens. A seedling that's still in the bud, we can't predict whether its future shape will be a redwood or a humpback tree. There's no clear definition of what we're talking about, but all those who are doing Web3 are doing it with some consensus.
- 平台化垄断。平台化垄断所带来的的问题就是导致创新很难产生，比如在房屋装修上，原有一个好好住，百度照抄了一个产品加大流量推广，等到一家独大之后，负责产品的人可能还是最初那些人，负责产品稳定即可，创新如何产生呢？反垄断法不无道理，只有通过权力的制衡和竞争才能促进最好的创新。
- 数据稳定性。通过一个中心化的存储方式，数据容易被攻击泄漏，同时中心化平台可能会出现一些开发上的事故，导致数据出现丢失等问题。
- 数据主导权。对于中心化的机构，特别是一些抽奖活动之类的，涉及平台利益的，公司可以随意的对数据进行篡改，用户完全无法感知。
- 隐私售卖。采集了用户的信息之后，通过各种方式对外售卖，用户的隐私完全在裸奔。对于国家层面也将会自上而下的进行主导对于个人隐私的保护。个人隐私的大批量泄漏可能会威胁到一个国家的利益和群体的利益。
- 数据孤岛割裂。阿里的数据，腾讯的数据，每家公司都是一个数据孤岛，数据完全没办法进行更高效更高价值的使用。如果数据自由流通起来，可能会有我们想象不到的创新应用产生。
对于企业来说，数据是企业核心资产。平台成了互联网数据库的守门人，他们掌控了打开互联网数据库的钥匙，钥匙在他们的手里，只有按照他们的规则，他们可以选择如何来让你看数据，看到何种数据。
For businesses, data is the firm’s core asset. The platform becomes the gatekeeper for Internet databases, they control the key to the Internet database, they have the key in their hands, and only by their rules, they can choose how to show you the data and what kind of data they see.
比特币底层是一个账本，但也可以近似看做一个记录交易信息的数据库，这个数据的管理不再是像传统公司一样自上而下的所拥有的权限也是从高到低，而是通过去中心化的方式，自下而上建立起来的。每一个人都是守门人，也因此便没有了守门人，同时它建立了一套高效的激励政策，让参与守门的人获得激励的同时保证了这个数据库的可信存储的运行。
The bottom of Bitcoin is an account book, but it can also be seen as a database for recording transactional information, which is no longer managed from the top to the bottom, as traditional companies do, but is built from the bottom up, in a decentralized way. Everyone is a gatekeeper, so there are no doorkeepers, and it creates an efficient incentive for those involved in the gatekeepers to get incentives while ensuring the operation of the database’s credible storage.
从比特币的本质去信任货币的问题——货币的正统性和背书不依赖于人类机构，而是依赖于数学上的保证。但它的可信存储给到了我们对于中心化数据库中守门人一人掌握最高权力的问题给了我们很大的启发，对于互联网上数据管理是否也可以做到如此。
The question of trusting the currency from the very essence of Bitcoin – money’s orthopaedicity and endorsement depends not on human institutions, but on mathematical guarantees. Its credible storage has given us great insight into the question of the supremacy of the doorman in a centralized database, and whether data management on the Internet can do the same.
在此之后的以太坊则给了更大的启示，可信计算。通过以太坊的智能合约，我们可以做到可信的计算。而对于一个程序的运行无非就是计算和存储，通过去中心化的方式，都可以做到可信，那么我们则能够看到在未来的互联网中给到用户的是一个可信的互联网，安全的互联网。
This is followed by a much more enlightening and credible calculation. By using the community’s smart contracts, we can make a credible calculation. And it can be done by calculating and storing a program in a decentralised way, and we can see that a credible and secure Internet is given to users in the future on the Internet.
根据对于Web2现有的问题和区块链技术的一些启发，这里援引了a16z对于Web3特点的一些归纳定义。
Based on some of the insights into the existing problems of Web2 and block chain technology, a16z is cited here for some general definitions of the characteristics of Web3.
Web3.0归纳
- Web 3.0 必须是开放的。任何人都可以加入作为其中的一个节点参与进来。
- Web 3.0 必须是安全的。因为开放，且安全，所以必须用到密码学技术，因为不再通过人为的方式来决定结果 也就是说不再基于信任，而是基于事实，所有对于安全性要求将会极高，否则因为安全问题所导致的后果将无法挽回。
- Web 3.0 必定是去中心化的或者叫分布式的。开放协议，必定造就去中心化 Web 3.0 的平台和应用必定具有原生通证，因为去中心化需要通过通证自动结算各方的利益分配，同时通过去中心化的方式也实现了存储，计算的可信。
- Web 3.0 会在生产关系上产生巨大的突破。由于底层的分布式与密码学的应用，为了集体协作分工与收益提供了更好的结算方式，DAO的形态将会成为Web3.0中常见的组织形态。
对服务提供方
- 平台的代码（协议）是开放的；未来将会出现类似于现在四大会计所类似的公司来审计一个公司的代码，就像现在审计公司的财务一样。
- 不是一家企业独自掌控平台，而是一个社区拥有这个平台；公司的形态将不再是传统形态，用户就是员工，员工就是用户。
- 平台的利润，不再是不透明的，不可预测的，优先流向大股东的（大股东可能为追求更高的巨额利润来对平台的策略进行修改）。而是按规则的，可计算的，可预测地分配给所有平台中价值的创造者；
- 平台的商业模式仍然能容纳 Web 2.0 的成熟的商业模式，比如广告、会员服务、游戏等； - 平台可能催生新的商业模式；
- 平台不会像 Web 2.0 一样，因为其主体公司的倒闭而关闭，一个参与节点的关闭不影响 Web 3.0 平台整体的运行。
对用户
- App 的使用体验与 Web 2.0 仍然类似或一致；
- 用户对自己贡献的内容具有所有权，能够根据对平台的内容贡献获得一定的回报；
- 对自己使用平台服务时产生的隐私数据，能够比较清楚的知晓这些数据的边界和用途，并对这些数据具有一定的决策权，可用其产生一定的经济收益；
- 对平台承诺的对一些私密数据的存储有信心（因为是密码学保证且代码是开源的）；
- 用户能跨平台地拥有一些东西的所有权（这个所有权是密码学保证的，不是某个机构认证的），这样在跨平台交互的时候，能认证且自由转移这些所有权资产。
基于上述的一些演绎推理，我们能够看到Web3.0无论是在其实际价值还是社会关系变革上都是有优势的，但是现在似乎还是在一个小众的圈子里面不温不火，笔者认为主要来自于以下四个方面，其中第一个因素最为关键。
On the basis of some of the above-mentioned reasoning, we can see that Web3.0 has advantages, both in terms of its real value and in terms of changes in social relations, but it seems that it is still in a small circle, and the first of which, according to the author, comes mainly from four areas, the first of which is the most critical.
Web3.0价值共识
对于任何需要组织一个群体的事情，都是需要建立一个价值共识。如何建立一个好的价值共识呢？首先需要一个好的故事，在故事之上讲出来稀缺性，同时激发群体的从众参与，对于Web3.0之中的数字货币交易，NFT都很好的讲出了故事，数字黄金，数字艺术品，都有很好的现实价值锚定。同时建立了稀缺共识，激发了大众的从众参与，但是Web3.0其涉及到的概念相对比较复杂，同时涉及到技术层面的问题，很难讲一个被大众所认可认知的故事，现实中也找不到类似的价值锚定，此问题导致了大众很难被其故事打动。
There is a need to build a value consensus about anything that requires organizing a group. How can a good value consensus be built? First, a good story needs to be told about the scarcity of the story, while stimulating community participation. NFT is good at telling stories about digital currency transactions in Web3.0, and digital gold, and digital art, have good real value anchors.
Web3.0的人才储备
基于第一点导致本来被吸引过来的人就少，同时Web2.0平台公司具备很强的人才虹吸效应，导致更多的人才留在了传统的Web2.0企业之中，导致人才储备明显不足，相关从业人员的技术水平也相比头部Web2.0公司差了很大一个Level。
On the basis of the first point, fewer people would otherwise have been attracted, while Web 2.0 platform companies had a strong talent inhalation effect, resulting in more talent remaining in the traditional Web 2.0 enterprise, resulting in a clear shortage of human resources and a significantly lower level of skills among the relevant practitioners than the head Web 2.0 company, Level.
Web3.0应用体验
Web3.0由于其借助于区块链实现，去中心化的服务器完全没有办法媲美，所以应用体验上要差很多，同时很多产品基本就是完全照抄Web2.0应用只是增加了更繁琐的登录流程，然后增加了一些激励政策，本质上跟趣头条没有多大本质的区别，类似Mirror编辑体验基本比Web2.0最差的都还要差。
Web3.0 The application experience is much worse because it is achieved by means of block chains and decentralized servers are simply not comparable, while many products basically simply copy Web 2.0 applications to add more cumbersome login processes, and then add incentives that are not fundamentally different from the fun headlines, which are much worse than the worst of Web 2.0.
Web3.0底层技术根基
Web3.0底层借助与可信计算和可信存储，因此就需要使用到区块链和去中心化，但是会导致多节点重复计算效率（能耗比）低下，多节点存储冗余度极高。存储空间效率不高。由于加密以及对 Proof 的要求，区块链状态存储采用了如 MPT 之类的结构，存储空间占用比较大，经济效率不高。
The bottom of Web3.0 is supported by credible computing and credible storage, which requires the use of block chains and decentralisation, but leads to inefficient double counting of multiple nodes (energy consumption ratio) and extremely inefficient storage of multiple nodes. Storage space is inefficient. As a result of encryption and Proof requirements, block chain state storage uses structures such as MPTs, and storage space is more occupied and less economically efficient.
现有的数字货币，比特币，以太币其价值体系已经很好地被塑造起来，而且其价值共识群体基数也越来越大，持续数字货币作为理财是很好的选择，比特币长期一定会持续增长。
The existing digital currency, Bitcoin, has been well shaped in its value system, and its value-consensus base is growing. Continued digital currency as a fiscal option is a good option and Bitcoin will continue to grow in the long run.
NFT作为数字艺术品，还是吃圈里的关系和营销的事情，普通人进入门槛相对会高一些，同时其艺术品属性导致了其流动效率会偏低一些，基于数字艺术品二级市场将会是好的方向，促进其流通性，其次NFT在版权层面的价值也值得进行研究，在音乐版权，影视版权等，思考方向在以其作为底层技术支撑来构建价值互联网。
As digital art, or as a matter of relationships and marketing within the circle, the general population would enter a relatively high threshold, while their artistic properties would lead to lower mobility efficiencies. The secondary market for digital art would be in a better direction to promote its mobility, and the second value of the NFT at the copyright level would also be worth studying. In music copyright, visual copyright, etc., the thinking direction would be to construct the value Internet as an underlying technology.
世界线上线下赌场的规模有多大，Defi市场至少不会低于它，其可信任计算的能力解决了中间人作弊的问题，同时对于一些个人信贷问题等等相关的金融衍生将会蓬勃发展。
The size of the online casinos in the world, the market in Defi, at least not below its size, and its confidence-based computing capacity solves the problem of intermediary fraud, while the associated financial derivatives, such as some personal credit issues, will flourish.
融合了Web3可信特色的有创新性玩法Web2的应用会是值得关注的方向。
The application of the innovative Web2 game that combines the credible features of Web3 would be an interesting direction.
所有的公链处于协议制定的阶段，有点类似于刚刚完成了TCP，IP协议的制定和联调，完成了一些数据包的发送，公链之上基础设施的建设大有可为。
All public chains are at the stage of agreement-making, somewhat similar to the recently completed TCP, IP protocol development and alignment, the completion of some data packs, and the construction of infrastructure above the public chain.
动员自己身边的朋友，构建自己的DAO组织或者加入一个DAO组织，在DAO组织中摸索更好DAO运作方式，以此作为探索的起点，协作起来推进更多Web3.0生态建设，分的一杯羹。
To mobilize friends around them, to build their own DAO organizations or to join a DAO organization, to find out how the DAO operates better in the DAO organizations as a starting point for exploration and to work together to promote more Web3.0 eco-building, with a share.
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