通俗易懂讲解区块链

近日，区块链又刷屏火了。中央提出要把区块链作为核心技术自主创新的重要突破口，加大投入力度，着力攻克一批关键核心技术！那么“区块链”到底是什么呢？很多人最初都是通过“比特币”等虚拟货币对“区块链”有些了解，但大都不知道“区块链”到底是什么有什么用等等，今天小编就来通俗易懂的介绍下，供大家参考下。

专业来说，区块链（Blockchain）是分布式数据存储、点对点传输、共识机制、加密算法等计算机技术的新型应用模式。区块链本质是一种去中心化的记账系统，是一种新的技术，它的核心在于“去中心化”。

Professionally xff0c; block chain xff08; Blockchain） a new application model for computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms. The segment chain essence is a decentralised accounting system xff0c; a new technology xff0c; its core is “decentralization”.

1、去中心化

区块链技术不依赖额外的第三方管理机构或硬件设施，没有中心管制，除了自成一体的区块链本身，通过分布式核算和存储，各个节点实现了信息自我验证、传递和管理。去中心化是区块链最突出最本质的特征，。

Block chain technology does not rely on additional third-party management or hardware facilities xff0c; there is no central control xff0c; apart from self-contained block chains xff0c; self-validation, transmission and management of information is achieved by distributed accounting and storage xff0c; nodes. Decentralization is the most prominent feature of the block chain xff0c;

2、非常安全

只要不能掌控全部数据节点的51%，就无法肆意操控修改网络数据，这使区块链本身变得相对安全，避免了主观人为的数据变更。与集中式数据库不同，攻击者没有一个单一的入口点，数据的安全性更有保障，这也使得区块链技术非常安全。

As long as 51% xff0c of all data nodes cannot be controlled; it is impossible to manipulate and modify network data xff0c; this makes the block chain itself relatively secure xff0c; it avoids subjective data changes. Unlike centralized databases xff0c; the attackers do not have a single entry point xff0c; the data security is more secure xff0c; and it makes block chain technology very secure.

3、不可篡改性

一旦进入区块链，任何信息都无法更改，甚至管理员也无法修改此信息。一个东西一旦出现就再也没法改变，这种属性对于人类目前所处的可以更改、瞬息万变的网上世界而言意义重大。

Once you enter the block chain & #xff0c; no information can change xff0c; even the administrator can't change it. Once something appears, you can't change xff0c; this attribute is significant for the changing and rapidly changing online world in which humans are currently living.

4、开放性

区块链技术基础是开源的，除了交易各方的私有信息被加密外，区块链的数据对所有人开放，任何人都可以通过公开的接口查询区块链数据和开发相关应用，因此整个系统信息高度透明，网络中的所有节点都可以轻松访问信息。

The technical basis of the block chain is xff0c of open sources; xff0c of the block chain is open to all, except for private information of the parties to the transaction, which is encrypted; xff0c of the block chain is open to all; anyone can access block chain data and develop related applications xff0c through open interfaces; thus the system information is highly transparent xff0c; information is easily accessible to all nodes in the network.

5、无第三方

因为区块链的去中心化，它可以帮助点对点交易，因此，无论您是在交易还是交换资金，都无需第三方的批准。

Because the block chain is decentralised xff0c; it can help point-to-point transactions xff0c; thus xff0c; whether you are trading or exchanging funds xff0c; is not subject to third party approval.

6、匿名性

区块链本身就是一个平台，除非有法律规范要求，单从技术上来讲，各区块节点的身份信息不需要公开或验证，信息传递可以匿名进行 。

The block chain itself is a platform & #xff0c; unless there is a legal norm requiring xff0c; xff0c only technically; the identity information of each block node does not need to be publicly available or authenticated xff0c; the information can be transmitted anonymously.

说到区块链，很多小伙伴目前第一时间会想到比特币，之前伴随着比特币的火爆，就连不少大妈都在讨论区块链，众多科技公司也都纷纷布局区块链。那么，区块链和比特币是什么关系呢？

Speaking of block chains & #xff0c; many small partners now think of bitcoin & #xff0c in their first hour; the fire that followed bitcoin #xff0c; even a lot of mothers are talking about block chains & #xff0c; and a lot of technology companies are developing block chains. xff0c; what is the relationship between block chains and bitcoin?#xff1f;

区块链，是比特币的一个重要概念，它本质上是一个去中心化的数据库，同时作为比特币的底层技术，是一串使用密码学方法相关联产生的数据”

Block chain xff0c; is an important concept of Bitcoin xff0c; it is essentially a decentralised database xff0c; it is also a bottom technology of Bitcoin xff0c; it is a string of data that is linked by cryptography.”

比特币是世界上第一个用区块链技术做的虚拟币，也是目前基于区块链技术最火的一种虚拟货币，它的目标是其整体币值对标整个世界的财富估值。

Bitcoin is the first virtual currency in the world to be made of block chain technology xff0c; it is also the virtual currency currently based on block chain technology xff0c; its goal is to value the wealth of the world as a whole in its overall value.

但是需要注意的是，区块链并不等于虚拟币，它只是基于区块链技术的一种，区块链的范畴远比比特币要大，因此，比特别并不等于区块链。比如，苹果比作是比特币的话，区块链则是水果，我们可以说苹果是一种水果，但水果有很多，就不一定是指苹果了，简单来说，比特币是第一个基于区块链技术打造的爆款产品。

br/ , but notes that xffnnxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxffxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxffffxxxxxxxxfxxxxxxxxxxxxxfxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxf;nxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.ff;nxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxx.xxxxx.xx.xxxxxx.x.x.x.ff.ff.ff.ff.ff.ff.ff.x.x.ff.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.pppp.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.pppppppppp.x..x..x.x.x....

所以区块链实际上是一种新技术，而不仅仅是之前一地鸡毛的各种虚拟货币，绝非是炒币！虚拟货币只是区块链的一种应用，而且还是被国家严打的那种…。

So the block chain is actually a new technology & #xff0c; not just the various virtual currency & #xff0c of the past; it is by no means a quid pro quo & #xff01; it is only an application of the block chain & #xff0c; it is also the type of country that has been hit hard...

区块链作为一项比较高深的新技术，看概念很多人还是很难理解，下面通过一些通俗易懂的术语帮助大家大概懂个皮毛吧。

Block chains as a relatively sophisticated new technology & #xff0c; concepts are still difficult for many to understand & #xff0c; below, use some plain and easy-to-understand terminology to help you probably understand a fur.

区块链本质上市一个去中心化的数据库，一个去中心化的分布式储存带来公开与透明，也让数据直接产生价值；信息的不可篡改、可追溯性带来了安全与诚实，也让人与人之间变得更加互信。

The block chain is essentially a decentralised database xff0c; a decentralized distributed store brings openness and transparency xff0c; it also allows the data to produce direct value xff1b; the immutable, retrospective nature of information brings security and honesty xff0c; and it leads to greater trust between people .

下面首先来看看中央政法委公众号上分享的一些区块链应用的解读：

The following is a first look at the interpretation of some of the block chain applications shared on the Central Political and Legal Commission's public number xff1a;

把个人信息上传到区块链，将受到加密保护，对信息的伪造冒用都能被识别出来，个人信息安全不再是一个让人担心的问题，让共享变得更加可行：教育、就业、养老、精准脱贫、医疗健康、商品防伪、食品安全、公益、社会救助等等方面，都因此能给人们带来更加智能、更加便捷、更加优质的服务。

Uploading personal information to block chains & #xff0c; being protected by encryption & #xff0c; xff0c; xff0c; personal information security is no longer a matter of concern xff0c; making sharing more feasible xff1a; education, employment, old age, precision out of poverty, medical health, commodity security, food safety, public goods, social assistance, etc. xff0c; and thus providing more intelligent, easier and better quality services.

企业把各类信息上传到区块链上，可以让整个产业链变得更加透明：企业可以精准掌握市场需求，调整供给，深化供给侧改革；金融机构可以在征信方面节约大量的成本，放心地向企业、个人提供贷款、保险等金融服务，解决中小企业融资难的问题；贸易领域可以省略大量的纸面工作，监控物流环节，防止中间欺诈的发生。

Enterprises upload all kinds of information to the block chain xff0c; can make the entire industry chain more transparent xff1a; can refine market demand xff0c; adjust supply xff0c; deepen supply side reforms xff1b; financial institutions can save significant amounts of money on letters xff0c; provide financial services such as loans to enterprises, individuals, insurance xff0c; solve the problems of SME financing xff1b; can save a lot of paper work in the area of trade xff0c; monitor logistics links xff0c; and prevent the occurrence of intermediary fraud.

各部门各系统之间的信息壁垒会完全打通，不再是一个个信息孤岛，政务数据跨部门、跨区域共同维护和利用，促进业务协同办理，这不仅让政务变得更加公开，还将把让群众“最多跑一次”的口号，变为大家习以为常的惯例。

The barriers to information between systems in various sectors will fully connect xff0c; it will no longer be an information silo xff0c; it will be a cross-sectional, cross-regional common maintenance and use of xff0c; it will promote business co-processing xff0c; it will not only make the government more open xff0c; it will also make the slogan xff0c for people to “run at most” xff0c; and it will become a common practice.

区块链应用场景还有很多，以上仅仅是官媒解读的很小部分，还有包括诸多场景，如：

There are many more xff0c sites for block chain applications; the above are only a small part of the media interpretation xff0c; and a number of scenes xff0c; e.g. xff1a;

很多人开各种证明时会遇到“证明我妈是我妈”的窘境，有了区块链，就再也不用担心了。原来我们的出生证、房产证、婚姻证等等，需要一个中心节点，大家才能承认。一旦跨国，合同和证书可能就失效了，因为缺少全球性的中心节点。

A lot of people come across the dilemma of proving my mother is my mother #xff0c; having a block chain #xff0c; don't worry about it anymore. Our birth certificates, real estate certificates, marriage certificates, etc. xff0c; need a central node xff0c; you can only admit it. Once xff0c is cross-border; contracts and certificates may fail xff0c; because of the lack of a global node.

区块链技术不可篡改的特性从根本上改变了这一情况，我们的出生证、房产证、婚姻证都可以在区块链上公证，变成全球都信任的东西，当然也可以轻松证明 “我妈是我妈”。

The immutable nature of block chain technology has fundamentally changed this situation xff0c; our birth certificates, real estate certificates, marriage certificates can be notarized on block chains xff0c; become globally trusted xff0c; and, of course, easily prove that my mother is my mother.

简单说就是利用区块链建立有时间戳的通用记录存储库，进而达到不同数据库都可提取数据信息的目的。例如你去看病，不用换个医院就反复检查，也不用为报销医保反复折腾，可以节省时间和开销。

Simply put, the block chain is used to create a time-stamped general records repository & #xff0c; thus achieving the purpose of data information that can be extracted from different databases. For example, you go to a hospital & #xff0c; you double-check & #xff0c without a new hospital; you do not have to retort & #xff0c; it saves time and costs.

例如我们经常会用携程、美团等app来寻找并下单入住酒店和其他服务，各个平台从中获得提成。而区块链的应用正是除去中间商，并为服务提供商和客户创建安全、分散的方式，以达到直接进行连接和交易的目的。

For example, we often use hand-in-hands, legions, etc., to search for and place single hotels and other services & #xff0c; the platforms from which they are derived. The block chain is used to remove middlemen & #xff0c; to create secure, decentralized ways for service providers and customers & #xff0c; to directly connect and trade.

区块链可以让支付和交易变得更高效、更便捷。区块链平台允许用户创建在满足某些条件时变为活动的智能合约，这意味着当交易双方同意满足其条件时，可以释放自动付款。

Block chains can make payments and transactions more efficient and easy. Block chain platforms allow users to create smart contracts that become active when certain conditions are met xff0c; this means that xff0c is released when the parties to the transaction agree to meet their conditions.

假如你买了一个苹果，在区块链技术下，你可以知道从果农的生产到流通环节的全过程。在这其中有政府的监管信息、有专业的检测数据、有企业的质量检验数据等等。智慧的供应链将使我们日常吃到的食物、用到的商品更加安全，让我们更加放心。

If you buy an apple & #xff0c; under block chain technology & #xff0c; you know the whole process from the production of fruit farmers to the flow chain. Here's government regulatory information, professional testing data, quality testing data for businesses, and so on. An intelligent supply chain will make our daily food, the goods we use safer #xff0c; let us be more reassured.

创作者把自己的作品放在区块链上，有人使用了他的作品，他就能立刻知道。相应的版税也会自动支付给创作者。区块链技术既保护了版权，也有助于创作者更好更直接地向消费者售卖自己的作品，而不再需要发行公司的协助。

The creator puts his work on the block chain xff0c; someone uses his work xff0c; he knows it immediately. The corresponding royalties are paid automatically to the creator. The block chain technology protects copyright xff0c; helps the creator to sell his work better and more directly to consumers xff0c; and no longer needs the help of the distributors.

众所周知，金融的核心是“信用”体系。谁能解决信用问题，谁就占据了金融的高地。 在传统金融领域，光在信用问题上，就产生了大量的担保、增信机构。比如银行、担保、信托、支付等。

is well known xff0c; the core of finance is the “credit” system. Whoever solves the credit problem xff0c; whoever owns the financial high ground. in the traditional financial field xff0c; xff0c alone on credit issues; creates a large number of guarantors, credit-building agencies, such as banks, guarantees, trusts, payments, etc.

再比如，马爸爸为了大家在淘宝买东西更放心为初心开发的余额宝。所以，区块链的最大想象力在于颠覆现有的金融体系，并且端倪明显。当然，区块链还能解决诚信问题，可以颠覆各种“中介”场景，省去了中间环节，想象前景还是很大的。

And, for example, xff0c; Ma's dad is more confident about the balance he's developed for people to buy for his treasures. So xff0c; the greatest imagination of the block chain is to destabilize the existing financial system & #xff0c; and it's obvious. Of course xff0c; the block chain also solves the integrity problem #xff0c; it can destabilize the various “intermediary” scenes #xff0c; it's missing the middle #xff0c; and it's still very promising.

…

总之，区块链是一项核心技术，它绝非炒币。近几年，区块链在跨境支付等方面进展迅速，它甚至有了改变美元世界霸权的可能性。

In short, #xff0c; block chains are a core technology & #xff0c; it is by no means moot currency. In recent years, block chains have progressed rapidly in terms of cross-border payments & #xff0c; it even has the potential to change the hegemonic power of the United States dollar.

举几个栗子：

Raise a few chestnuts #xff1a;

打个比方：男孩给女孩说了一句“我爱你一生一世”，然后女孩把这句话发给了闺蜜、爸妈、朋友圈、公众号、微信群，于是男孩再也无法抵赖。

For example, #xff1a; the boy said to the girl "I love you all my life" and #xff0c; the girl then sent it to her girlfriend, her parents, her circle of friends, the public number, the microblogging group #xff0c; the boy can no longer deny it.

再比如：某某村，翠花跟隔壁老王偷情，被张三看见了。之后，张三把这个事告诉了村里所有人。于是，翠花和老王道关于偷情这件事，路人皆知。

and then xff1a; a village #xfff0c; #xfff0c; #xfff0c; #xfffffk ; and #xffffffft ; #ffffffffffft ; and #fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffft....

在这件事的舆论风波中，张三是一个中心。所有的信息，都是通过张三往外传播的。但这里就带来几个问题：

#xff0c; Zhang San is a centre. All information #xff0c is disseminated through Zhang San. But there are a few problems here #xff1a;

1、张三的诚信问题。存在张三喜欢翠花，但翠花不搭理张三，然后张三恶意报复的可能。

One, Zhang San's question of integrity. There's a chance that Zhang San likes jade flowers #xff0c; but they don't care about three #xff0cs; and then Zhang San's malicious revenge.

2、传播过程中，故事被添盐加醋。

2. During transmission & #xff0c; story added salt to vinegar.

张三告诉张妈的时候，是偷情。张妈告诉李四点时候，为了精彩，变成了同居。李四告诉隔壁村钱七时候，加了一句翠花最近肚子有点凸，回头钱七跟老婆讲到时候，翠花怀上了……最后，整个县城都流传的故事就变成了翠花和老王，已经有了一个6岁的儿子……

When Zhang San told Mom Zhang xff0c; it was cheating... xff0c at 4 o'clock, xff0c; for the sake of beauty xff0c; it became cohabitation. Li 4 told the next village about 7 hours xff0c; added a recent xff0c; xff0c

如果这件事加入去中心化的元素是怎么样的？

what if this thing were to be added to the decentralised element of #xff1f;

给拐子村每个人都有一个实时同步，并且自动备份的视频播放机。假设翠花跟老王偷情时，被这个播放机的终端摄像头直播了。然后村里所有人同时看到直播视频……

There's a real-time synchronizing xff0c for everyone in the village; and an automatic backup video player. Assuming that Trisha and Wang are having an affair, xff0c; live by the end camera of this player. Then everyone in the village sees the live video at the same time.

这还不是最绝的，更绝的是每个视频播放机都进行了自动备份，翠花想要删掉这个视频，必须说服所有人……

It's not the most #xff0c; it's the automatic backup of every video player #xff0c; Twilight wants to delete this video #xff0c; everyone has to be persuaded...

这个时候，没有中心化时候那个点的道德风险，也不存在信息传播中的走样。所以，这个去中心化的记账系统，本质更高阶地解决了信用问题。

At this point xff0c; moral hazard at that point xff0c when there is no centralization; and there is no sign of information dissemination. So xff0c; this decentralised accounting system xff0c; this is essentially a credit issue.

最后附上网上一张比较火的关于“区块链”解释的漫画，一起来欣赏下。






总之，区块链或许是一项可以媲美5G的革命性技术，最大的特点是去中心化，解决最根源的信任问题，未来或将很大程度改变我们的生活。信用可以说是人类文明的基石，信用的本质，是价值储存，信用社会的最高境界。当大家互相干涉的情况也会越来越少，人们就能真正走向独立和平等

Last attached is a relatively burning comic book on the explanation of the “block chain”; read together.

参考文章:
http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1648628147063071087&wfr=spider&for=pc

References:
http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id= 16486281407070787&wfr=spider&for#61;pc