（原标题：百度白皮书引战火，巨头公司区块链落地打法逐渐清晰）
巨头们是想做一个降本增效的弱中心化联盟链或混合链，服务对象是包含金融机构在内的企业客户。而详实的白皮书在更大程度上反映了三大巨头布局“区块链生态圈”的野心。
The giants are trying to make a weak centralised union or hybrid chain of efficiency gains, serving business clients, including financial institutions. And the detailed white paper reflects, to a greater extent, the ambition of the three giants' layouts, “百度发布《百度区块链白皮书V1.0》，详细阐述了自己的在内容版权、信息溯源和信心安全等六大领域的区块链商业版图。而百度开源的“XuperChain超级链”，似乎将成为区块链生态百花齐放最值得期待的底层平台。
On September 26, 100° published the White Paper on the 100-degree block chain V1.0, detailing its own business map of the chain in the six main areas of content copyright, information traceability, and confidence security. And the 100-degree Xuper Chain Superlink appears to be the most promising bottom platform for the ecological diversity of the chain.
随着百度区块链白皮书的发布，BATJ四大互联网巨头中仅剩下阿里巴巴还未正式发布区块链白皮书，而在腾讯、京东和百度在其白皮书中逐一介绍了自家对区块链技术的探索和布局，可以说是一副美丽的蓝图。
With the release of the 100-degree block chain white paper, only Alibaba, the four major Internet giants of BATJ, has not yet officially published the block chain white paper, while , Kyoto and 100° present in their white paper their own exploration and layout of block chain technology, which can be described as a beautiful blueprint.
百度称将打造“一站式、全赋能、即插即用的区块链系统”；京东想协同盟友在无界零售的商业环境下完成联盟链建设；腾讯定位打造企业级区块链基础平台，重点推进区块链技术在2G、2B和2C领域的场景落地。
100 degrees stated that a “one-stop, full-power, or plug-in chain system” would be created; that Kyouta wanted to work with his allies to complete the building of the chain of alliances in a non-border retail business environment; and that tweaking would create a platform for building the infrastructure of the enterprise-level block chain, with a focus on promoting the location of block chain technology in the areas of 2G, 2B and 2C.
经历过区块链行业早期的投机、炒作之后，一向低调布局区块链的各大巨头开始变得积极高调，面对区块链这种前沿领域的技术，在互联网革命中站在潮头的巨头已然在这里看到蕴藏着的机会。各自为营、多点突破，百度的“全盘托出”也让巨头们的区块链生意更加明朗。
After early speculation and speculation in the block chain industry, the giants, who had always kept the block chain low, began to become active and high-profile. Faced with the technology of the frontier area of the block chain, the giants, who stood in the tide of the Internet revolution, saw the opportunities here.
百度：“雷炸”超级链
100 degrees: Thunder Blowing Super Chain
58页的白皮书，百度重点介绍了“XuperChain超级链”、百度云区块链BaaS平台和基于超级链开发的六大落地应用——图腾、度宇宙、百度会学、百宝箱、百科上线、休伯特。而最引人注目的是百度推出的“能包容一切区块链技术”的XuperChain。
The 58-page white paper highlights the Xuper Chain Super Chain, the 100-degree cloud block chain BaaS platform, and the six major landing applications based on the development of the chain: Totem, Doo Universe, Pepsi, Bao Box, Encyclopedia, Hubert. And the most notable is the 100-page Xuper Chain, the technology for all-block chain inclusion.
XuperChain简称超级链，是一个支持平行链和侧链的区块链网络。此外，这上面还有一条特殊的链——Root链。Root链可以管理其它平行链，支持各链之间数据交换、提供跨链服务，并管理整个XuperChain网络的运行参数。
The Xuper Chain Superlink is a network of block chains that support parallel and side chains. In addition, there is a special chain, the Root Chain. The Root Chain can manage other parallel chains, support data exchange between chains, provide cross-chain services, and manage the operating parameters of the entire Xuper Chain network.
为了应对不同的场景需求，XuperChain设计了一套可插拔的共识机制，一方面允许不同的平行链允许采用不同的共识机制，另一方面还支持在任意时刻通过投票表决机制实现共识的升级。此外，如果DApp开发者觉得系统默认的共识机制都无法满足自身的业务需求，还可以编写自己的共识发布到XuperChain中。
In response to different scenarios, Xuper Chain has designed an intrudable set of consensus mechanisms that allow different parallel chains to allow for different consensus mechanisms, while also supporting the upgrading of consensus through voting mechanisms at any time. Moreover, if Dapp developers feel that the consensus mechanisms that the system has acquiesced in cannot meet their own business needs, they can prepare their own consensus to be published in Xuper Chain.
除此之外，XuperChain的超级节点采用多核并行计算与分布式计算相结合的方式以提升计算效率，不仅解决能源消耗问题，还可以单链支持10万并发。而超级链底层是基于UTXO（UnspentTransactionOutput）模型，因此任何针对比特币系统的优化都适用于XuperChain，也可直接兼容以太坊的Solidity语言。
In addition, Xuper Chain’s supernode uses a combination of multi-nuclear parallel and distributed calculations to enhance computational efficiency, not only addressing energy consumption, but also single-chain support for 100,000 co-existes. Subsistence of the superchain is based on the UTXO model, so any optimization of the Bitcoin system is applicable to Xuper Chain, and can be directly compatible with the Taipanese language of Solidity.
值得注意的是，为解决智能合约处理的复杂性，XuperChain采用链内并行技术、可回归侧链技术和平行链技术，从而形成一个立体网络。在这个网络上通过Root链创建的平行链，可以选择是公开链，也可选择是联盟链。
It is worth noting that, in order to address the complexity of intelligent contract processing, Xuperchain uses parallel technologies within the chain, recalibrable side chain technologies and parallel chain technologies, thus forming a stereonet. A parallel chain created through the Root chain on this network can be either open or federated.
链得得了解到，XuperChain已经在Xuper联盟内部开源，2019年上半年将面向全社会开源。而超级链App将成为用户进入到XuperChain的入口。开发者可发布自己的DApp到超级链App，直接供用户在XuperChain中免下载使用。
The chain knows that Xuper Chain has opened up within the Xuper Alliance and will be open to the whole community in the first half of 2019. The Superlink App will be the user’s entrance to Xuper Chain.
图：百度云区块链产品系列示意图
Figure: A map of the chain product series of 100-degree cloud blocks
全民共识、高运算、立体网络、兼容比特币和以太坊，在这份对XuperChain的介绍中，已然解决了当前区块链的性能差、消耗高和单链架构等多个痛点。百度雄心勃勃，这条“超级链“将成为其区块链愿景的核心支撑。目前，百度云区块链BaaS平台和图腾和度宇宙等应用都是基于XuperChain来建立的。
In this presentation of Xuper Chain, the national consensus, high computing, stereonets, compatible bitcoin and Etheria has resolved many of the pains of the current block chain, such as poor performance, high consumption and single-chain structures. A hundred degrees of ambition, this “super-chain” will underpin the vision of its block chain. At present, applications such as the 100-degree cloud chain BaaS platform and the Totem and Dome universe are based on Xuper Chain.
京东：围绕“无界零售”布局联盟链
Jingdong: Alliance chain around the undisclosed retail distribution
众所周知，京东商城是以自营零售发展壮大的新一代零售企业。
It is well known that Gyeongdong City is a new generation of retail businesses growing in self-employment.
他们的无界零售网络每个时刻都在产生着海量的数据，这些数据需要在不同主体间进行整合、流动和交易，甚至是作为企业数据挖掘的生产资料。在此背景下，京东团队力求在区块链领域裂变出新的商业形态。通过与盟友协同合作、推动自身零售和供应链大数据“上链”，建立共享联盟链网络。
In this context, the Tokyo team seeks to break new business patterns in the area of block chains. By working with allies to promote their retail and supply chains , a network of shared alliances.
京东区块链的总体架构分为3个层次：由于区块链应用场景是一种跨主体的有多方参与和协作的场景，京东区块链设计标准化协议和数据结构，解决企业间数据交互问题；第二，定义通用区块链系统组件模型，实现具体功能组件松耦合和可插拔，解决企业级应用中可根据具体情况自定义扩展的需求；最后，基于标准化的区块链协议和组件模型，提供一个具体的区块链平台实现以及相关的工具和开发包，为快速实现企业级区块链应用提供平台和工具。
The overall structure of the Jingdong block chain is divided into three levels: since the block chain application scenario is a cross-subject, participatory and collaborative setting, the Jingdong block chain design standardized protocols and data structures address inter-firm data interactions; secondly, the generic block chain system component model is defined, specific functional components are loosely co-ordinated and plugged, and the need for tailor-made extensions in enterprise-level applications is addressed; and finally, based on standardized block chain protocols and component models, a specific block-chain platform is provided and related tools and development packages are provided to provide platforms and tools for the rapid realization of enterprise-level block chain applications.
图：京东区块链体系架构图
Figure: Structure of the Jingdong block chain system
京东拥有全渠道零售和端到端供应链的高质量大数据，区块链技术天然可以解决京东业务场景中多个主体的信息记录与分享，可信数据交换与传递的业务诉求。早在2016年，京东集团就全面启动了区块链技术在京东业务场景中的应用探索与研发实践，先后在数据交易、供应链管理、金融科技等领域落地了不同的区块链应用。
As early as 2016, the Tokyo Group fully launched its exploration and R & D practices for the use of block-chain technologies in the Tokyo business scene, with a wide range of high-quality data on full-channel retail and end-to-end supply chains, and with block-chain technology naturally addressing information recording and sharing, and credible data exchange and transmission requests from multiple players in the Kyoto business landscape. In 2016, the Tokyo Group fully launched the application of block-chain technologies in the Kyoto business scene, with different sector-chain applications in the areas of data trading, supply chain management, and financial science and technology.
刘强东曾表示：“无界零售的核心，从后端来讲，就是供应链一体化，把供应链和产品、库存、货物全部升级成一个系统，减少品牌商的操作难度；而从前端来讲，无界零售的核心就是满足消费者随时随地消费的需求。“区块链技术正在赋能于这一全新的概念。
Liu Jiangdong once said: “The core of unbridled retailing, from the back end, is the integration of supply chains into one system that upgrades supply chains and products, stocks, and goods, and reduces the operational difficulties of branders; whereas previously, the core of unbridled retailing was meeting consumer demand at any time or place.
而目前，京东也正在积极筹备开放支撑自身落地应用的区块链BaaS平台，帮助政府、物流商、品牌商、金融机构等合作伙伴组建适用的区块链技术平台。对于年销售1.3万亿元的京东商城，如果能够最大程度实现商家信息上链、平台大数据上链，再运用区块链技术去解决溯源、供应链和效率等方面的问题，将会是一次极具市场潜力的“价值传递”。
At present, Kyoto is also actively preparing the BaaS platform, which will open up the block chain that will support its own deployment, helping governments, logistics, branders, financial institutions, and other partners to set up the appropriate block chain technology platform. For Kyoto Business City, which sells $1.3 trillion a year, it would be a “value transfer” of great market potential to maximize business information uplinks, platform uplinks, and the application of block chain technology to solve problems of traceability, supply chain, and efficiency.
腾讯：落地可信区块链业务生态
Circumcision: operational ecology of a credible chain of blocks at the site
在“2018北京数字经济论坛 · 区块链应用创新峰会”上，链得得曾独家专访腾讯区块链高级总监杨晨女士。谈及腾讯在区块链的布局，她谈到：腾讯将持续推进2G、2B和2C三方面的应用。
At the “Beijing Digital Economy Forum – the Innovation Summit on the Application of the Block Chain” in 2018, the chain was single-handedly visited by Ms. Yang Jian, Senior Director of the Block Chain of the Tsing Zone. On the layout of the block chain, she said that the Tsing will continue to promote applications of 2Gs, 2Bs and 2Cs.
第一，即最热点的区块链电子发票，称作“2G”项目，G即government，属于政府项目；第二是“2B”项目，腾讯已通过与战略合作伙伴联易融合作开发运用在供应链金融场景下的首款产品“微企链”；第三是2C应用，腾讯内部开发区块链游戏《一起来捉妖》，这是腾讯首款应用AR和区块链技术的休闲手游。
First, the hottest electronic block chain invoice, known as the “2G” project, G. Government, is a government project; secondly, the “2B” project, which has been developed through easy integration with strategic partners as a “micro-business chain” for the first product to be used in the financial landscape of the supply chain; and thirdly, the 2C application, which developed the block chain game Together to catch the demon, which is a recreational hand-to-hand tour of AR and block chain technology.
腾讯的区块链白皮书发布于2017年4月，距今已有一年之久。而这一年中，腾讯在游戏、公益、供应链金融、智慧医疗和电子发票领域已经实现了场景落地。
The White Paper on the Block Chain was published in April 2017, a year ago. In that year, it was in the fields of games, public goods, supply chain finance, smart medicine and electronic invoicing.
不过，翻看腾讯区块链白皮书的设计规划，腾讯可信区块链方案的核心基础是TrustSQL。它所承担的也是最底层最核心的功能。包括：用户管理、基础服务、智能合约和运营监控四大模块。中间是平台产品服务层，在底层之上构建高可用性、可扩展性的区块链应用产品，包括共享账本、鉴证服务、共享经济和数字资产等多个方向。最上层的应用服务层，致力于向最终用户提供可信、安全、快捷的区块链应用。
However, looking at the design of the white paper on the tether block chain, the core foundation of the evasive credible block chain programme is TrustSQL. It also assumes the bottom four core functions: user management, basic services, smart contracts, and operational monitoring. The middle is the platform's product service layer, which constructs high-availability, scalable block chain applications above the bottom, including sharing books, forensic services, shared economics and digital assets in multiple directions. The top application level is dedicated to providing credible, secure, fast block chain applications to end-users.
图：腾讯区块链基础框架
Figure: Basic framework for the tether block chain
这一套从底层技术支持到上层应用落地服务的平台，是任何一项新技术的完整阐述。腾讯不仅要做生态的参与者，更要做这个行业的建设者以至于规则制定者。腾讯白皮书定位于打造企业级区块链基础平台，即首打B端业务，联合机构去做一些事情，当随着区块链逐渐探索出更行之有效的激励机制，对于仅微信就坐拥10亿用户的腾讯来说，在等待着区块链技术真正触及到庞大的C端用户。
This platform, from bottom-level technical support to top-level application of landing services, is a complete description of any new technology. The evangelical message is not only about ecological participants, but also about building the industry to the extent that it is a rule-maker. The evangelical white paper is about building a platform for building the infrastructure of the enterprise-level block chain, that is, starting with B-side operations, and the joint agency is doing something that, as the block chain gradually explores more effective incentives, is waiting for the tether of 1 billion users to reach out to a large C-end user.
战火点燃，巨头争区块链天下
There's a war on, and the giants are fighting over the chain of blocks all over the world.
区块链虽有去中心化的特性，但很多线上业务的纠纷无法离开中心来解决。因此区块链的真正价值在于促进各行各业的中心化机构之间达成共识，构建联盟，形成多个中心组成的商业生态圈，这样的生态系统突出了中心的职能，大大简化了中心化机构运营成本，而这也成为巨头之间的“共识”。
While the block chain has decentralised features, many online business disputes cannot be resolved from the centre. The true value of the block chain is thus to promote consensus among the centralized institutions of all walks of life, to build alliances and to form commercial rings of multiple centres, an ecosystem that highlights the Centre’s functions and greatly streamlines the operating costs of centralized institutions, which also becomes a “consensus” among giants.
可以看出，巨头们是想做一个降本增效的弱中心化联盟链或混合链，服务对象是包含金融机构在内的企业客户，而架构设计也是殊途同归。详实的白皮书在更大程度上反映了三大巨头布局“区块链生态圈”的野心，不过区块链最后实现价值的标志是在其自身部署的链上“链接”更多的企业主和用户，而在应用中如何建立激励机制和商业模型，是区块链规模化应用的核心挑战之一。
As can be seen, the giants are trying to make a weak, centralized alliance or hybrid chain of efficiency gains, serving corporate clients, including financial institutions, and the architecture is designed in the same way. The detailed white paper reflects, to a greater extent, the ambition of the three major configurations, the “block chain biosphere”, but the ultimate indication of value realization in the block chain is that there are more business owners and users “links” in the chain of their own deployment, and the creation of incentives and business models in the application is one of the core challenges in the application of the block chain.
京东在白皮书中讲到，在供应链的防伪追溯场景中，他们投入巨大的研发资源落地并面向社会免费开放了SaaS 化的区块链防伪追溯平台，但在推动各品牌商接入平台时，却发现品牌商对于数据上链追溯的动力不足。
In the White Paper, Kyoto mentioned that in the context of the supply chain, they had invested enormous research and development resources and opened up to society, free of charge, the SaaS-based block-linked backtracking platform, but had found that branders were not sufficiently motivated to trace the data uplink when promoting the access of branders to the platform.
XuperChain作为百度开源区块链解决方案，在运行结构、共识机制和超级节点等方面已经做出了诸多具有实践意义的创新，但这样一条“公链”同样也面临着规模化落地的难题。
Xuper Chain, as a 100-degree open-source block chain solution, has made many practical innovations in terms of operating structures, consensus mechanisms and supernodes, but such a “public chain” is also faced with problems of scale.
不过在新技术面前，哪位玩家都不想落伍，而巨头的高调入局也更大意义上能够促使区块链技术朝着良性的方向发展。
In the face of new technologies, however, none of the players wanted to be left behind, and the high-level transfer bureau of the giants could, in a larger sense, move the block chain technology in a benign direction.
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