导读：核心原理，其实就是为了保证“唯一性”像货币属性靠拢，实际上来说，没得任何意义，除了浪费资源，当然，它的终极目的是可以炒起来，可以卖出变现，可以找到接盘侠，大致就是这样。
guidance: core principle, in fact to ensure that “soleness” is like a close currency attribute. In fact, it has no meaning, except to waste resources. Of course, its ultimate purpose is to fire, sell cash, find a handler, that's about it.
区块链领域常提到的挖矿，其实最早的是工作量证明(Proof Of Work，简称POW)。
Mining, often referred to in the area of block chains, was the earliest proven workload (Proof Of Work, POW).
所谓的工作量证明，就是用来确认你做过一定量的工作。监测工作的整个过程通常是极为低效的，而通过对工作的结果进行认证来证明完成了相应的工作量，则是一种非常高效的方式。
The so-called workload proof is to confirm that you have done a certain amount of work. The entire process of monitoring is often extremely inefficient, and certification of the results of the work is a very efficient way to prove that the corresponding workload has been accomplished.
比如现实生活中的毕业证、驾驶证等等，也是通过检验结果的方式(通过相关的考试)所取得的证明。
For example, a real-life certificate, a driver's license, etc., is also a certificate obtained by means of the test of the results of (through the relevant examination).
区块链挖矿是什么意思
What do you mean, digging through a chain of blocks?
挖矿是通过消耗计算资源来处理交易，确保网络安全以及保持网络中每个人的信息同步的过程。这个过程因为同淘金类似而被称为“挖矿”，因为它也是一种新的临时机制。POW每年的确消耗了非常多的资源，这是事实，但直到目前为止POW仍然是经过实际证明的很好的方案。
Mining is a process of processing transactions through the consumption of computing resources, ensuring cyber security, and synchronizing information for everyone in the network. This process is called “mining” because it is similar to gold mining, because it is also a new ad hoc mechanism. It is true that Pow consumes a very large amount of resources every year, but until now Pow remains a proven and excellent option.
最初的时候，我们用电脑CPU就可以挖到比特币，比特币的创始人中本聪就是用他的电脑CPU挖出了世界上第一个创世区块。然而，CPU挖矿的时代早已过去，现在的比特币挖矿是ASIC挖矿和大规模集群挖矿的时代。
Initially, we could dig up Bitcoin with a computer CPU, and the founder of Bitcoin would dig out the world's first creation zone with his computer CPU. However, the CPU mining era is long past, and now the Bitcoin mining is the era of `u'AsIC
回顾挖矿历史，比特币挖矿总共经历了以下五个时代：
Looking back at the history of mining, Bitcoin has gone through five times in total:
CPU挖矿→GPU挖矿→FPGA挖矿→ASIC挖矿→大规模集群挖矿
CPU digs GPU digs > FPGA digs > ASIC digs large-scale clusters of mines
挖矿芯片更新换代的同时，带来的挖矿速度的变化是：
The changes in the rate of mining that are brought about by the updating of the mining chips are as follows:
CPU(20MHash/s)→GPU(400MHash/s)→FPGA(25GHash/s)→ASIC(3.5THash/s)→大规模集群挖矿(3.5THash/s*X)
CPU(20MHash/s) — GPU(400MHash/s) — FPGA(25GHash/s) — ASIC(3.5THash/s) — Large-scale cluster mining (3.5THash/s*X)
挖矿速度，专业的说法叫算力，就是计算机每秒产生hash碰撞的能力。也就是说，我们手里的矿机每秒能做多少次hash碰撞，就是算力。算力就是挖比特币的能力，算力越高，挖得比特币越多，回报越高。
The speed of mining, the professional word, is the ability of a computer to produce hash collisions per second. That is, the number of hash collisions per second in our hands is the ability to calculate. The higher the ability to dig bitcoins, the higher the number of bitcoins, the higher the return.
在比特币的世界里，大约每10分钟会记录一个数据块。所有的挖矿计算机都在尝试打包这个数据块提交，而最终成功生成这个数据块的人，就可以得到一笔比特币报酬。最初，大约每10分钟就可以产生50个比特币的比特币报酬。但是该报酬每4年减半，现在每10分钟比特币网络就可以产生25个比特币。
In the world of Bitcoin, about one piece of data is recorded every 10 minutes. All mining computers are trying to pack this piece of data for submission, and those who eventually succeed in generating it will get a bitcoin reward. Initially, about 50 bitcoins per 10 minute. But that remuneration is halved every four years, and now 25 bitcoins per 10 minute of Bitcoin network.
而要成功生成数据块，就需要矿工需要找到那个有效的哈希值，而要得到正确的哈希值，没有捷径可以走，只能靠猜，猜的过程就是计算机随机hash碰撞的过程，猜中了，你就得到了比特币。
And to be successful in generating the data blocks, miners need to find that valid Hashi value, and to get the right Hashi value, there is no shortcut to go, only guess, the process of computer random hash collision, you get bitcoin.
挖矿芯片经历了CPU挖矿到GPU挖矿到FPGA挖矿，如今走入了ASIC挖矿时代。然而挖矿的方式也经历了从一两台矿机挖矿到小矿机作坊，再到如今走入了大规模矿场挖矿的时代。
The mining chip, which went through CPU-to-GPU mining to FPGA mining, has now entered the ASIC mining era. But the mining process has gone from one or two mining machines to small mining machines, and now to large-scale mining sites.
POW机制挖矿：目前这一类型的挖矿已经从CPU挖矿过度到了ASIC专业集成电路挖矿，因为采用专业的矿机效率更高，可以获得更多的奖励。当然目前GPU挖矿也依然存在。
PoW mining: This type of mining has now gone too far from CPU to ASIC specialized integrated circuit mining, as more efficient and rewarding uses of specialized mining machines are available. Of course, GPU mining is still present.
这一类型的币有比特币、门罗币、达世币等，使用较多的例如：GTX 1080和1070以及各大矿机生厂商的矿机。
This type of currency consists of bitcoin, Menrococoin, Ducheco, etc., and is used more frequently, for example, by TTX 1080 and 1070, as well as by major mining operators.
POS机制挖矿：通过质押一定的token，根据质押的币的时间和数量进行奖励的分发。
Poss mechanism for mining: distribution of incentives based on the timing and quantity of the money pledged, by pledging a certain amount of token.
在POS中还存在一个概念叫做币天，币天指每个币每天产生一个币天，如果持有10个币，连续持有了30天，那么币天就是300，如果发现了一个新的POS区块，币天就会被清零，并获得对应奖励。
There is also a concept in POS that is called currency days, where each currency produces one currency day per day, and when 10 coins are held for 30 consecutive days, the currency days are 300, and if a new POS block is discovered, the currency days are cleared and rewarded accordingly.
这一类型的币有ATOM、PIVX、XTZ等，这一类型有两种参与方式：1、自行介入网络成为验证节点。2、通过将币委托给验证节点进行分红。
This type of currency consists of ATOM, PIVX, XTZ, etc., and there are two modes of participation: (a) self-involvement into the network as a validation node. (b) Reding by entrusting the currency to the authentication node.
第一点由于各个项目的标准并不相同，详细说明参考项目的具体说明。
The first point is that, since the criteria for each project are not the same, the specification of the reference item is described in detail.
第二点如果打算将币委托给节点，最好是对各个节点做一个对比，因为各个节点给出的分红比例可能存在差异，例如之前就出现过某交易所矿池将用户在交易所的币拿去质押，但并不给用户分红该币而是其它山寨币的情况。
If the second point is intended to be entrusted to nodes, it would be better to compare the points, since there may be differences in the red rates given by the nodes, for example in the case of an exchange pond that pledges the exchange's currency to the user, but does not redecorate it to the user, but to other mountain coins.
在此主要介绍POW系列的挖矿收益计算，收益等于回报减去成本，计算这种类型的挖矿需要考虑的因素比较多，具体有矿机、电缆、电线、变压器、散热器等硬件成本、以及电力成本、全网算力和挖矿难度等因素。
The main feature here is the calculation of mining proceeds in the Pow series, which is equal to returns minus costs, and there are a number of factors that need to be taken into account in the calculation of this type of mining, such as hardware costs such as mining machines, cables, wires, transformers, radiators, and such factors as the cost of electricity, network computing and the difficulty of mining.
尽管目前市场上有一些收益计算器，但它是基于当天的固定难度和币价，但这两个因素是波动的，所以计算出来的结果就必然存在偏差，因此了解对于想要参与挖矿的人来说知道计算原理是有必要的。
Although there are a number of yield calculators in the current market, they are based on the day's fixed difficulty and currency price, but these two factors are volatile, so the results of the calculation necessarily vary, and it is therefore necessary to know the principles of the calculation for those who want to participate in mining.
抛开硬件的固定成本，大致的计算公式是：
Without the fixed cost of hardware, the approximate formula would be:
算力：自己的设备所具有的运算能力
Arithmetic: the ability of one's own equipment to operate
难度：根据区块浏览器查找当前币种的挖矿难度
Difficulty: Find mining difficulty in the current currency based on block browser
时间：开始挖矿到计算时的时间范围
Time: time frame from commencement of mining to calculation
区块奖励：挖出一个区块所对应的奖励
Block Incentive: The reward for digging a block
按照这个公式计算出来的是属于理论上的收益，在实际操作过程中还会受到矿池效率、实际算力等因素影响，实际算力取决于硬件配置，实际算力计算的唯一方法便是将机器接入网络进行测量。
The calculation based on this formula is theoretical, subject to factors such as the efficiency of the pits and the actual arithmetic in its actual operation, which depends on hardware configuration, and the only way in which the actual arithmetic is to measure the machine's access to the network.
运行所有硬件并不是免费的，作为矿工，电力成本是运营支出的一大块。所以选择在电力便宜的地方挖矿这一点非常重要。
Running all hardware is not free, and, as miners, the cost of electricity is a large part of the operating expenses. So it is important to choose where the power is cheap to dig.
计算电力成本，就是用挖矿所用的时间乘以设备功率和电价。
The cost of electricity is calculated by multiplying the time spent on mining by the power of the equipment and the price of electricity.
举例来说，带有四个GTX 1070s GPU的采矿设备将耗费大约480瓦来为显卡供电，另外还有50瓦用于主板和CPU，加起来就是530瓦。
For example, mining equipment with four GTX 1070s GPU will cost approximately 480 W to power the card, with an additional 50 W for the main plate and CPU, which together amount to 530 W.
假设电费为每千瓦时0.3元（kwh），矿机运行了24小时。要估算每天需要支付的电费，将瓦转换千瓦为并乘以电费：
Assuming that the cost of electricity is 0.3 (kwh) per kilowatt hour, the mine operates for 24 hours.
530 W=0.53 (KW)千瓦
530 W = 0.53 (KW) kW
0.53 KW x 24 hours=12.72 千瓦时每天
0.53 KW x 24 hours = 12.72 kWh per day
0.3x 12.72=3.816元
0.3 x 12.72 = $3.816
即使使用相同的装备，采取不同算法的项目也可能会消耗不同的电量，这一点在参与挖矿时一定要注意。
Even with the same equipment, projects that adopt different algorithms may consume different amounts of electricity, which must be borne in mind when involved in mining.
除了上文提到的几个币种之外，一些聪明有眼光的矿工会选择布局一些新出现的币种，这些币的网络算力较小、价格也会很低，如果一旦选择正确，带来的收益也将是巨大的。
In addition to several of the currencies mentioned above, smart and smart mining unions have opted for some of the emerging currencies, which are less networkable and have low prices and, if the choice is correct, the benefits will be substantial.
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