以太坊是一个全新开放的区块链平台，它允许任何人在平台中建立和使用区块链技术运行的去中心化应用。就像比特币一样，以太坊不受任何人控制，也不归任何人所有——他是一个开源代码项目，由全球范围内的很多人共同创建。和比特币协议有所不同的是，以太坊的设计十分灵活，随着Homestead的发布，任何人都可以安全的使用该平台上的应用。
Ether is a completely new and open block chain platform that allows for decentralized applications in which anyone can build and use block chain technology. As in Bitcoin, it is neither controlled nor owned by anyone -- he is an open source project created by many people around the world. Unlike the Bitcoin agreement, the design of Ether is flexible and, with Homestead's release, anyone can use the applications on the platform safely.
下一代区块链
Next Generation Block Chain
区块链技术是比特币的底层技术，这一技术第一次被描述是中本聪2008年发布的白皮书“比特币：点对点电子现金系统”中。区块链技术更多的一般性用途已经有所讨论，但知道几年后，区块链技术才作为通用术语出现。一个区块链是一个分布式计算区块。一次只能增加一个区块，每个区块有一个数字证明来保证新的区块与之前的区块保持先后顺序。这样一来，区块链的“分布式数据库”就能和整个网络保持一致。个体用户与总账的互动（交易）受到安全的密码保护。有数学执行并编码到协议中的经济激励因素刺激着维持和验证网络的节点。
Block chain technology is the bottom of Bitcoin, which was described for the first time as the white paper “bitcoin: point-to-point electronic cash system” published by China-Bone in 2008. More general uses of block chain technology have been discussed, but it is known that after a few years, block chain technology emerges as a generic term. A block chain is a distributed block. At a time, only one block can be added, with a digital proof for each block ensuring that the new block is in order to keep the order of the previous block. In this way, the “distributed database” of the block chain is consistent with the network as a whole. The interaction of individual users with the ledger (transaction) is protected by secure passwords. Economic incentives to maintain and validate the network are stimulated by mathematical enforcement and coding to the protocol.
在比特币中，分布式数据库被设想成一个账户余额表，一个总账，交易就是通过比特币的转移以实现个体之间无需信任基础的金融活动。但是随着比特币吸引了越来越多开发者和技术专家的注意，新的项目开始将比特币网络用语有代价币转移的其他用途。其中很多都采用了“代币”的形式一一以原始比特币协议为基础，增加了新的特征或功能，采用各自加密货币的独立区块链。在2013年末，以太坊的发明者Vitalik Buterin建议能够通过程序重组来运行任意复杂运算的单个区块链应该包含其他的程序。
In bitcoin, the distributed database is conceived as an account balance table, and a master account, where transactions are carried out through the transfer of bitcoin to achieve financial activities that do not require trust among individuals. But, as bitcoin attracts the attention of an increasing number of developers and technical experts, new projects begin to shift the use of bitcoin online terms to other uses.
2014年，以太坊的创始人Vitalik Buterin，Gavin wood和Jeffrey Wilcke开始研究新一代区块链，试图实现一个总体上完全无需信任基础的智能合约平台。
In 2014, Vitalik Buterin, Gavin Wood and Jeffrey Wilcke, the founding fathers of the Taikus, began to study the new generation of block chains in an attempt to achieve an intelligent contractual platform that is generally completely untrustworthy.
以太坊虚拟机
Ether's Virtual Machine
以太坊是可编程的区块链。它并不是给用户一系列预先设定好的操作（例如比特币交易），而是允许用户按照自己的医院创建复杂的操作。这样一来，它就可以作为多种类型去中心化区块链应用的平台，包括加密货币在内但并不仅限于此。
Ether is a programmed block chain. It does not give users a set of predefined operations (e.g. bitcoin transactions) but allows them to create complex operations according to their own hospitals. It can then serve as a platform for multiple types of decentralized block chains, including encrypted currency, but not limited to them.
以太坊狭义上是指一系列定义去中心化应用平台的协议，它的核心是以太坊虚拟机（“EVM”），可以执行任意复杂算法的编码。在计算机科学术语中，以太坊是“图灵完备的”。开发者能够使用现有的JavaScript的Python等语言为模型的其他友好的编程语言，创建出以太坊模拟机上运行的应用。
In the narrow sense of Taipan, which refers to a series of agreements that define decentralised application platforms, the core of which is the Taiwan Virtual Machine (“EVM”), which can be coded for any complex algorithm. In computer science terms, the Taiye is “Turingly Perfect.” Developers can use existing language such as JavaScript's Python as a model for other friendly programming languages to create applications run on the Taiyeon Simulator.
和其他区块链一样，以太坊也有一个点对点网络协议。以太坊区块链数据库由众多连接到网络的节点来维护和更新。每个网络节点都运行着以太坊模拟机并执行相同的指令。因此，人们有时形象的成以太坊为“世界电脑”。
As with other block chains, there is also a point-to-point network protocol in the Taiwan. The Taiwan block chain database is maintained and updated from multiple nodes connected to the network. Each network node runs an E-Taiwan simulation machine and carries out the same instructions. So, sometimes, the image of the community is called a “world computer”.
这个贯穿整个以太坊网络的大规模并行运算并不是未来使运算更高效。实际上，这个过程使得在以太坊的运算比在传统“电脑”上更慢更昂贵。然而，每个以太坊节点都运行着以太坊虚拟机是为了保持整个区块链的一致性。去中心化的一致是以太坊有极高的故障容错性，保证零停机，并且可以使存储在区块链上的数据保持永远不变且抗审查。
This large parallel operation, which runs through the entire Etherm network, does not make the operation more efficient in the future. In fact, this process makes it more expensive and slow in Etherm than in traditional computers. However, each Ethermian virtual node operates to keep the entire block chain consistent. Decentralized consistency is based on the extreme fault tolerance of the etherms, ensures zero shutdowns, and allows data stored on the block chain to remain constant and resistant to censorship.
以太坊平台本身没有特点，没有价值性。和编程语言相似，它由企业家和开发者决定其用途。不过很明显，某些应用类型较之其他更能从以太坊的功能中获益。以太坊尤其适合那些点对点之间自动进行直接交互或跨网络促进小组协调活动的应用。例如，协调点对点市场的应用，或者复杂财务合约的自动化。比特币使个体能够不借助金融机构、银行或政府等其他中介来进行货币交易。以太坊的影响可能更为深远。理论上，任何复杂的金融活动或交易都能在以太坊上用编码自动且可靠地运行。除金融类应用外，任何对信任、安全和持久性要求较高的应用场景——比如资产注册、投票、管理和物联网——都会大规模受到以太坊平台影响。
In the same way as in programming language, it is determined by entrepreneurs and developers. It is clear, however, that some types of applications benefit more than others from the functioning of Etheria. In particular, it is suitable for automatic direct interaction between points or for cross-network facilitation of group coordination. For example, point-to-point applications, or the automation of complex financial contracts. Bitcoin enables individuals to conduct currency transactions without resorting to other intermediaries such as financial institutions, banks or governments.
以太坊如何工作？
How's Ether?
以太坊合并了很多对比特币用户来说十分熟悉的特征和技术，同事自己也进行了很多修正和创新。比特币区块链纯粹是一个关于交易的列表，而以太坊的基础单元是账户。以太坊区块链跟踪每个账户的状态，所有以太坊区块链上的状态转换都是账户之间的价值和信息的转移。账户分两类：
The cell chain is purely a list of transactions, whereas the base unit is an account. The cell chain tracks the status of each account, and all status conversions in the cell chain are a transfer of value and information between accounts. The account is divided into two categories:
外部账户（EOA），有私人密码控制合约账户，由它们的合约编码控制，只能由外部账户“激活”对于大部分用户来书，两者基本的区别是在于外部账户是由人类用户掌控——因为他们能够控制私钥，进而控制外部账户。而合约账户则是由内部编码管控。如果他们是被人类用户“控制”的，那也是因为程序设定他们被具有特定地址的外部账户控制。进而被持有私钥控制外部账户的人控制着。“智能合约”这个流行的术语值得是在合约账户中的编码——交易被发送给该账户是所运行的程序。用户可以通过在区块链中部署编码来创建新的合约。
External accounts (EOA), with private passwords to control contract accounts, are controlled only by their contractual coding, and can only be “activated” by external accounts for most users, the basic difference being that the external account is controlled by human users – because they can control private keys and thus control external accounts. The contractual account is controlled by internal coding. If they are “controlled” by human users, it is also because the program sets them to be controlled by an external account with a specific address.
只有当外部账户发出指令时，合约账户才会执行相应的操作。所以合约账户不可能自发执行诸如任意数码生成或应用程序界面调用等操作——只有收到外部账户提示时，它才会做这些事。这是因为以太坊要求节点能够与运算结果保持一致，这就是保证严格确定执行。
The contract account will be able to perform the corresponding operations only if the external account is instructed to do so. So it is not possible for the contract account to automatically perform such operations as random digital generation or application interface calls — it will do so only if it receives an external account alert. This is because the Tails require nodes to be consistent with the results of the calculations, which is to ensure strict enforcement.
和比特币一样，以太坊用户必须向网络支付小量交易费用。这可以使以太坊区块链免受无关紧要或恶意的运算任务干扰，比如分布式拒绝服务（DDos）攻击或者无限循环。交易的发送者必须在激活“程序”每一步付款，包括运算和记忆储存。费用通过以太坊自由的有价代币，以太币的形式支付。
As in Bitcoin, the user of Taiwan must pay a small transaction fee to the network. This protects the Ether block chain from minor or malicious computing tasks, such as distributed denial-of-service (DOs) attacks or unlimited loops. The sender of the transaction must pay at every step of the process, including operation and memory storage. The fee is paid in the form of a free and freely priced coin.
交易费用由节点手机，节点使网络生效。这些“矿工”就是以太坊网络中手机、传播、确认和执行交易的节点。矿工们将交易分组——包括许多以太坊区块链中账户“状态”的更新——分成的组被称为“区块”，矿工们相互竞争，以使他们的区块添加到下一个区块链上。矿工们每挖到一个成功的区块就会得到以太币奖励。这就为人们带来了经济激励，促使人们为以太坊网络贡献硬件和电力。
The transaction cost is a node cell phone, the node that makes the network effective. These are the nodees for cell phones, dissemination, confirmation and execution of the transaction in the Taiwan network. The miners call the break-up groups — including many updates to the account “state” in the Teen block chain — “blocks”, and the miners compete with each other to add their blocks to the next block chain. The miners get a taco reward for each successful block they dig. This provides economic incentives for people to contribute hardware and electricity to the Teen network.
和比特币网络一样，矿工们有解决复杂数学问题的任务已便成功地“挖”到区块。这被称为“工作量证明”。一个运算的资源，那么他就是工作证明的极佳选择。为防止比特币网络中已经发生的，专门硬件（例如特定用途集成电路）造成的中心化现象，以太坊选择了难以存储的运算问题。如果问题需要存储器和cpu，事实上理想的硬件是普通的电脑。这就是以太坊的工作量证明具有抗特定用途集成电路性，和比特币这种由专门硬件控制挖矿的区块链相比，能够带来更加去中心化的安全分布。
In order to prevent the centralization of specialized hardware (e.g., integrated circuits for specific purposes) that has occurred in the Bitcoin network, the community has chosen problems that are difficult to store. If the problem requires a memory and cpu, the ideal hardware is actually a normal computer. That is, it is a job to prove integrated circuitry for a specific purpose, which is much less centralized than Bitcoin’s chain of areas controlled by specialized hardware.
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