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本文转载自：人民网政务
11月25日，人民网发表名为《NFT：通往元宇宙，还是走向大骗局？》的评论文章，其中指出目前对于NFT、元宇宙概念的炒作已经蔓延至上市公司和二级市场。一些蹭热点、炒概念等行为，也正在引起监管部门的警惕。
On 25 November, the People's Network published an article entitled “NFT: To the Woncosmos, or to the Great Conspiracy?” which states that the current campaign on NFT, the concept of the Woncosmos, has spread to listed companies and secondary markets. A number of activities, such as damp spots, the concept of fire, are also drawing the attention of the regulatory authorities.
在11月25日午后，受舆论影响，?A股市场中元宇宙概念股出现股价集体下跌，其中元宇宙概念龙头股中青宝直接跌停，中文在线也下挫2.28%，前期强势股天下秀跌停，佳创视讯、川网传媒、恒信东方、中青宝悉数跌超10%，板块跌幅超过4%。
In the afternoon of 25 November, under the influence of public opinion, there was a collective drop in the share price of the dollar-cosmos concept unit in the A-share market, with a drop of 2.28 per cent in Chinese online, a drop in the previous period of strong stock-sharing, a drop of more than 10 per cent in visual news, a drop in the Kawan network media, a drop in the East Hesin, and a fall in the plate of more than 4 per cent.
行业相关人士对此发表观点，目前国内对于NFT的法律性质、交易方式、监督主体、监督方式等尚未明确，NFT存在炒作、洗钱和金融产品化等风险，对于NFT投资应该保持谨慎态度，警惕“击鼓传花”式的金融骗局。
industry stakeholders have expressed their views on the legal nature of NFTs, the mode of dealing, the subject of supervision, the manner of supervision, etc., which is not yet clear in the country. NFTs are exposed to the risks of fraud, money laundering and financial productization, and NFT investments should be treated with caution and caution against “flash-and-flash” financial scams.
事实上，随着10月以来的元宇宙热潮，官媒曾多次发文点评。《人民日报》就对元宇宙概念热发表了评论，称“万物皆可元宇宙？理性常在少烦忧。”
In fact, as the meta-cosm boomed since October, the media sent several comments. The People's Daily commented on the meta-cosm concept, saying, "All things are within the universe? Reasons tend to worry less."
11月17日“人民日报评论”微信公众号称“要理性看待当前的元宇宙热潮。”
11月19日，新华社“解码”元宇宙，表示现阶段元宇宙仍是一个不断演变、不断发展的概念，不同参与者也会不断丰富它的含义，需要警惕资本绑架、伦理风险、立法监管空白等问题。
On November 17, the People's Daily Review, micro-lettered by the public, stated that “it is important to take a rational view of the current meta-cosm boom.” On November 19
, the Xinhua Society decoded the meta-cosmos, stating that the meta-cosm is still an evolving and evolving concept and that different participants will continue to enrich its meaning, and need to be vigilant about issues such as capital kidnapping, ethical risks and legislative and regulatory gaps.
从近日各方媒体发表的文章来看——即元宇宙潜在的机遇和可能带来的变革值得期待，每个人仍需理性看待当前的元宇宙热潮，警惕任何以科技和未来为名义的忽悠。对于目前热炒的概念股和虚拟币，人民日报认为在出结论前大家不妨“让子弹飞一会儿”。
From recent articles published in the media – that the potential opportunities and possible changes in the meta-cosmos are to be expected – everyone still needs to take a rational view of the current tide of the meta-cosm and be wary of any glimmers in the name of technology and the future. For the concept shares and virtual coins that are currently hot, the People’s Daily believes that it is best to “let the bullets fly for a while” before concluding.
NFT：通往元宇宙，还是走向大骗局？
（人民网正文）
作者：王震?申佳平
当NFT遇上艺术品，一张图片、一首歌、一段视频，甚至一个头像都可以与一串代码“擦出火花”，身价发生几何倍数暴涨，突破现实世界认知。
When NFT encounters art, a picture, a song, a video, even a headpiece, can “swipe sparks” with a code line, and prices rise exponentially, breaking the world's perception.
NFT全称为Non-Fungible Tokens，即“非同质化代币”。
NFT is all called Non-Fungible Tokens, i.e. “Unhomogenous Monet”.
“从技术上来看，NFT是一种基于区块链技术的契约的数字化凭证。”中国电子技术标准化研究院区块链研究室主任李鸣告诉记者， NFT具有可验证、唯一、不可分割和可追溯等特性，可以用来标记特定资产的所有权。
“Technically, NFT is a digital certificate of contract based on block chain technology.” Li Ming, Director of the Block Chain Research Unit of the China Institute for Standardization of Electronic Technology, told journalists that NFT has verifiable, unique, indivisible and retrospective features that can be used to mark ownership of specific assets.
今年以来，明星、大V、企业纷纷打造推出自己的NFT产品，数字艺术品俨然成为NFT落地最快的应用场景之一。
Since the beginning of the year, stars, big Vs and businesses have developed and launched their own NFT products, and digital art has become one of the fastest applications of the NFT.
当“万物皆可NFT”，这串连接虚拟与现实的“神秘代码”，会成为通往元宇宙世界的关键密钥，还是又一场币圈和资本炒作下的零和游戏？很多问题需要提前思考。
When "everything is NFT," this “mystery code” that connects virtual to reality becomes the key to the meta-cosmos world, or is it another zero-sum game under currency circles and capital? Many questions need to be considered in advance.
NFT走红“出圈”
今年3月，在佳士得拍卖行，NFT数字艺术品《每一天：前5000天》拍出6934万美元（约合4.5亿人民币），刷新数字艺术品成交记录的同时，也让NFT这个词强势闯入大众视野。
In March of this year, at the Jasting auction house, NFT digital art, " Every day: 5,000 days before ", filmed $69.34 million (approximately RMB 450 million) to refresh digital art records while also forcing the word NFT into public view.
在NFT交易平台Opnesea上，看似普通的马赛克头像、图片、收藏品频频售出“天价”。数据显示，截至目前Opensea累计销售额超过100亿美元，平均每个NFT售价为872美元。
on the NFT trading platform Opnesea, which appears to be a common Maasai head, picture, collection often sells a “day price.” The data show that Opensea's cumulative sales to date exceed $10 billion, with an average sale price of $872 per NFT.
国际奢侈品巨头LV也推出了NFT游戏，玩家有机会在游戏中免费获得价值在2万到2000万美元之间的NFT黄金明信片。
The International Luxury Big LV also launched the NFT game, in which players have the opportunity to receive free NFT gold postcards worth between $20,000 and $20 million.
在国内， NFT吸引着科技巨头和资本跑步入场。支付宝上线NFT艺术收藏小程序“蚂蚁链粉丝粒”，腾讯上线NFT交易平台“幻核”App，字节跳动旗下TikTok也宣布推出NFT系列作品……
Domestically, NFT attracts tech giants and capital to the field. Payment of the Treasure on-line NFT art collection program, "Ant Chain Fans", on-line NFT trading platform, "False Nuclears" App, and by-producted TikTok announces the launch of the NFT series.
“正像是物理社会中资产凭证的重要性一样，元宇宙生态也具有大量数字化资产，需要资产凭证来促进元宇宙经济循环。”在李鸣看来，数字化资产凭证是元宇宙生态的关键要素，而NFT可以成为元宇宙中数字化资产凭证的一种表现形式，并且将随着元宇宙的发展逐步演进。
“As with the importance of asset certificates in a physical society, the meta-cosmology also has a large number of digital assets that need asset certificates to facilitate the eco-economy cycle.” In Li's view, digital asset certificates are a key element of meta-cosmology, and NFT can be a manifestation of digital asset vouchers in the meta-cosm and will evolve as the meta-cosm moves forward.
元宇宙概念持续热炒，让市场看到了NFT的商业机会。在一些行业人士看来，元宇宙为NFT提供了更加多元的应用场景，NFT将成为实现虚拟物品数字资产化和流通交易的重要工具。
The concept of the meta-cosm has continued to flourish, giving the market a sense of business opportunities for NFT. In the view of some industry, the meta-cosm provides a more diverse application landscape for NFT, and NFT will be an important tool for digital assetization and circulation of virtual goods.
反对声音则认为，NFT与元宇宙的突然走红，背后很可能是一些媒体与币圈精心设计的炒作。有媒体报道，此前在佳士得拿下“天价”NFT画作的竞拍者，正是某NFT基金的创始人。
The opposing voices argue that NFT and the meta-cosm are suddenly rededicated, and that behind it is probably some of the media and currency circles that are well-designed. There are media reports that the previous contestants who took the NFT painting in Jiast were the founders of a fund.
“NFT本身具有一定的金融属性，尤其国外‘天价’NFT艺术品的出现，让更多投机者找到新的金融炒作工具，加速了泡沫的形成。”李鸣说。
“NFT itself has a certain financial attributes, especially the emergence of foreign “day price” NFT works of art, which allows more speculators to find new financial instruments and accelerates the creation of bubbles.” Li Ming said.
与此同时，鉴于国内对于虚拟货币监管态度，一些机构、企业也在试图淡化NFT的“代币”属性，更愿意称其“通证”。今年6 月，支付宝在推出NFT付款码皮肤时曾强调，NFT是解决数字艺术品确权的一种有效和可靠的技术手段，和比特币等虚拟货币有着本质区别。
At the same time, in view of domestic attitudes towards virtual currency regulation, some institutions and enterprises are also trying to dilute NFT's “diplomatic” attributes, preferring to call it a “passport.” In June this year, when presenting the NFT payment code skin, it was emphasized that NFT is an effective and reliable technical tool for resolving digital art claims, and that there is a fundamental difference between virtual currencies such as Bitcoin.
目前包括腾讯、阿里等大厂NFT相关产品平台上，都已删去NFT字样，改为“数字藏品”等称呼。
The word NFT has been deleted from the platform for NFT-related products, which currently includes major plants such as tweets, Ali, and changed to refer to “digital collections”.
正在异化的NFT
“起码四位数”“后面炒高了我再出”“私下交易没办法监管”……在一个蚂蚁链NFT火炬数字收藏群里，记者发现，原价39元数字火炬经过疯狂加价，早已被炒到几千元甚至上万元人民币。
In an ants' chain of NFT digital collections, journalists found that the original 39-dollar digital torch, after a mad mark, had already been fired into thousands or even tens of thousands of yuan.
9月16日，支付宝限量发行21000个亚运会数字火炬，不到4分钟售罄。
On 16 September, the payment limit issued 21,000 Asian Games digital torches, which were sold out in less than four minutes.
? ? ? ?虽然蚂蚁链在9月24日发布声明，坚决反对一切形式的数字藏品炒作，抵制权益类交易、标准化合约交易等违法违规行为。但在网络上，关于数字火炬的交易与讨论从未停止。
Although the ant chain issued a statement on September 24, firmly rejects all forms of digital collections, boycotts rights-based transactions, standardized contract deals, etc. On the Internet, however, transactions and discussions on digital torches have never stopped.
狂欢之下，NFT正在偏离价值，走向异化。
Under the ecstasy, NFT is devalued and alienated.
艺术品、游戏、炒作、币圈化、元宇宙……对于普通人来说，很难辨清究竟哪个才是NFT的真正标签。
Artworks, games, manoeuvrings, monetization, mosaic cosmos... it's hard for ordinary people to know which is the real label of NFT.
“要想玩得长久，就不能短期内都想割韭菜就跑路，把整个行市给毁掉。”长期关注NFT、虚拟货币的投资者刘勇认为，目前市场对于NFT更多的是投机、炒作，关注其真实价值的人群并不多。
“In order to be able to play for a long time, it is not possible to run away for a short period of time and destroy the entire market.” Liu Yong, a long-term NFT, virtual currency investor, believes that the market is more speculative, more aggressive and less concerned about the true value of NFT.
“一些主流的币圈交易所，也在打着NFT的概念发新币，很普遍。”刘勇向记者坦言，有时候，很难判断这是投资还是骗局。就自己而言，不论是炒币还是炒NFT，实际上就是投机，跟着市场趋势快进快出，赚些快钱。
“Some of the mainstream currency exchanges are also giving new currency to the concept of NFT.” Liu Yong told reporters that sometimes it is difficult to judge whether it is an investment or a fraud. For himself, whether it is a currency or a NFT, it is actually speculation, fast moving in and out with market trends, making quick money.
“一个USDT=1美元，可以直接用人民币兑USDT在平台上交易，主流平台都通用，很方便。”交谈中，刘勇打开手机，向记者展示了如何在交易所购买NFT币。
“A USDT = US$ 1 can be traded directly on the platform with the renminbi to the USDT, and the mainstream platform is common and convenient.” During the conversation, Liu Yong opened his cell phone and showed journalists how to buy NFT on the exchange.
“我手机上的这些App，在国内应用商店已经不能下载了，需要去国外应用市场。或者从非官方市场下载，但是不太安全。”在他看来，NFT的真正价值在于能够实现虚拟物品的资产化，应该远离币圈。
"These Apps on my phone are no longer downloadable in the domestic application store, and they need to go to the foreign application market. Or download them from the unofficial market, but they're not safe." In his view, the real value of NFTs is to be able to asset virtual items and to stay away from currency circles.
风险之中，不想踏空的年轻人，伺机而动。
risks young people who do not want to vacate and do what they want.
记者接触发现，年轻人更容易接受并参与NFT交易，他们希望能捕捉到新一轮的造富机会。
Journalists'contacts have found that young people are more likely to accept and participate in the NFT deal, and they want to capture a new round of opportunities for wealth creation.
“其实这里面风险很大。”在刘勇看来，投资NFT的风险比炒币更甚，“NFT产品的流动性弱，需要有人接盘。”
"In fact, there is a great deal of risk in it." In Liu Yong's view, the risk of investing in NFTs is greater than the price of the coins, "NFT products are less mobile and need to be picked up."
在记者加入的几个NFT交流群里，90后、00后占比超过半数，也是其中最活跃的群体。这些群里，不时会有人发布“抽奖撸空投”“免费领NFT资产”“NFT投资”等广告信息。这些链接、二维码，通常会诱导用户下载App或者注册平台。
These links, two-dimensional codes, often induce users to download App or register platforms.
“一些NFT游戏、交易平台，出于吸引用户、宣传等目的，平台会不定期向用户钱包发放‘空投’。”NFT玩家李旭告诉记者，这种“空投”其实可以看作是奖励或者分红，一种是对于内测用户、使用者的奖励，另一种是为了项目上线拉拢人气。“这在币圈很常见。” 李旭说。
“Some NFT games, trading platforms, for the purpose of attracting users, publicity, etc., the platform does not issue regular `airdrops' to users’ wallets.” NFT player Li Xu told reporters that such `airdrops' can actually be regarded as rewards or dividends, either for internal users or users, or for projects to get online. “This is common in currency circles.” Li Xu said.
在国内某NFT网站上，记者发现，一些照片、动漫设计、数字文创等标价从几十、几百甚至到上千万元，用户可以直接点击购买。同时，用户也可以上传图片铸造自己的NFT作品，购买更多的“燃料”，所能铸造的作品等级就更高。
On one of the country’s NFT sites, journalists found that the price of photographs, comic designs, digital writing, etc., ranged from tens, hundreds, or even tens of millions of dollars, and that users could directly click and buy. At the same time, users could upload pictures to create their own NFT works and buy more “fuels” that could be made at a higher level.
艺术品交易平台的商品网页和藏家榜排行。制图 申佳平
官网信息显示，这家创立于今年5月NFT数字资产交易平台，目前已有超5000海内外创作者入驻，注册用户超10万人。
According to information from the
“人人可以上传铸造NFT，但并不是每个NFT都有价值。”在李旭看来，平台应该让收藏者能够和NFT创作者互动、社交，形成价值的生长，而不是只在价格后面加个零，盼着下家接手。
“Every person can upload an NFT, but not every NFT has a value.” In Li Xuan's view, the platform should allow collectors to interact with NFT creators, socialize and form a growth of value, rather than simply add zero to the price, hoping that the next family will take over.
然而，在狂热的市场中，“理性声音”往往被淹没在“造富幻想”中。
In fanatical markets, however, the “sound of reason” is often inundated in “favourful fantasy”.
警惕“击鼓传花”骗局
记者调查发现，目前有些国内NFT交易平台宣称“持牌经营”“合规交易”“人民币结算”等吸引投资者。
A journalist's survey found that some domestic NFT trading platforms now claim to be attractive to investors, such as the “conforming deal” “reconciling the renminbi”.
“事实上，这种合规持牌的批准极难取得。”中国银行法学研究会理事肖飒告诉记者，据《国务院关于清理整顿各类交易场所切实防范金融风险的决定》和《国务院办公厅关于清理整顿各类交易场所的实施意见》的规定，如果想要在正式的交易所开放NFT交易，必须经省级人民政府批准设立，或者需要取得国务院或者国务院金融管理部门的批准。
“In fact, it is extremely difficult to obtain such approval for a compliance card.” Shaw, a member of the Law Research Council of the Bank of China, informed journalists that, according to the State Council's Decision on the Clean-up and Real Protection of Financial Risks, and the Executive Opinion of the Office of the State Council on the Clean-up and Consolidation of Transactions of All Types, if an NFT transaction is to be opened on an official exchange, it must be established with the approval of the provincial people's governments or with the approval of the State Council or the financial administration of the State Council.
在肖飒看来，国内NFT资产的交易场所往往不具备这样的批准，因而其合法流通会受到限制。“基于NFT潜在的一系列风险，我们不赞同现在放开NFT交易市场。”
In Shaw’s view, domestic NFT assets are often traded without such authorization, which limits their legal flow. “In the light of the range of potential risks of NFT, we disagree with the liberalization of the NFT trading market now.”
值得注意的是，目前对于NFT、元宇宙概念的炒作已经蔓延至上市公司和二级市场。一些蹭热点、炒概念等行为，也正在引起监管部门的警惕。日前，深交所创业板公司管理部向中文在线发出关注函，要求说明互动阅读业务与元宇宙概念和NFT概念的关联性。此外，多家上市公司也接连收到交易所的关注函，要求说明公司及相关方是否存在蹭热点、操纵市场、违规买卖公司股票的情形。
It is worth noting that the current campaign on NFT, the meta-cosm concept, has spread to listed companies and secondary markets. A number of acts, such as damp spots, and scaffolding concepts, are also causing vigilance on the part of regulators.
行业人士认为，目前国内对于NFT的法律性质、交易方式、监督主体、监督方式等尚未明确，NFT存在炒作、洗钱和金融产品化等风险，对于NFT投资应该保持谨慎态度，警惕“击鼓传花”式的金融骗局。
Industry is of the view that the legal nature of NFTs, the manner in which they are traded, the subject of supervision, the manner in which they are monitored are not yet clear in the country, that NFTs are exposed to risks such as fraud, money laundering and financial productization, and that NFT investments should be treated with caution and caution against “flash-and-flow” financial scams.
“无论是以加密货币计价，还是结合借贷、挖矿、价格预言机等多种方案以增加二次流动性都有违反我国现行监管法规的风险。”北京市天元律师事务所律师王大伟告诉记者，NFT投资市场存在如下风险点：NFT交易平台本身的合规风险；NFT发行方是否构成ICO（即发币行为）的合规风险、是否侵犯著作权的风险；NFT的购买方再售时是否有流动性风险。
“There is a risk of a violation of the regulations in force in the country, whether priced in encrypted currency or in combination with various schemes such as borrowing, mining, price foreword machines, etc., to increase secondary mobility.” Wang Da Wei, a lawyer at Tian Won's law firm in Beijing, told journalists that the NFT investment market has the following risk points: the compliance risk inherent in the NFT trading platform itself; whether the issuer of NFT constitutes a compliance risk for the ICO (i.e. currency issuance) and the risk of infringement of copyright; and whether the purchaser of NFT has a liquidity risk when resold.
“NFT的交易行为是否合法合规需要根据具体情况判断，譬如两个自然人之间的直接买卖如果是以人民币计价并且没有其他违规情节，现行法规并不禁止。但如果设立一个平台来撮合交易，那么平台合规的风险就比较大。”王大伟说。
“NFT’s legal compliance with transactions requires a determination on a case-by-case basis, for example, that direct sales between two natural persons are not prohibited by existing legislation if they are denominated in renminbi and there are no other irregularities. If a platform is set up to facilitate the transaction, the risk of compliance is greater.” Wang Da Wei says.
“应当着重从NFT产品的定价、销售（拍卖）、营销模式、二手专卖（转拍）等方面进行监管。”肖飒提醒道，区别于境外的NFT交易平台，现阶段国内尚不存在NFT二次交易、转让赠送等场景，NFT也尚未出现金融化的趋势。但是，国内对于金融行为的强监管不会变，基于NFT目前存在的风险，应着重提升投资NFT行为中的合法合规意识，加强行业潜在风险的监管与防范。
“The focus should be on regulation of pricing, sales (auctions), marketing models, second-hand exclusive sales (rotations) of NFT products.” Shaw cautioned that there is no NFT secondary transactions, transfer gifts, and financialization of NFTs outside the country at this stage. However, strong domestic regulation of financial behaviour will not change, and based on the current risk of NFTs, emphasis should be placed on raising the awareness of legitimate compliance in investing in NFT behaviour and strengthening the regulation and prevention of potential risks in the industry.
（应受访者要求文中刘勇、李旭均为化名，实习生许愿、张子颖对此文亦有贡献）
Liu Yong, Li Xu, who was asked by the interviewee, made a wish, and Zhang Zi Ying contributed to it.
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