麻辣財經：刷屏的區塊鏈技術，你了解多少？

　　這則消息刷屏之后，很多人對區塊鏈技術的興趣大增。區塊鏈到底是種什麼樣的技術？它的重要作用體現在哪些方面？未來會給我們的生活帶來哪些影響？麻辣財經第一時間採訪了技術專家和業內人士，爭取讓您一篇文章就能“秒懂”區塊鏈。

After the news was painted, a lot of people became more interested in the sector chain technology. What kind of technology is the sector chain? What are its important aspects? What will the future impact on our lives?

　　一問：什麼是區塊鏈技術？

Ask: What's a chain technique?

　　其實，區塊鏈最早進入公眾視野還是由於比特幣的爆炒，而比特幣的底層技術就是區塊鏈。那麼，什麼是區塊鏈技術？

In fact, is the chain the first to enter the public view or is it due to the bursting of bitcoins, and bitcoins' bottom technology is the chain. So, what is the chain technology?

　　業界專家告訴麻辣財經，當前並沒有統一的定義，但普遍認為區塊鏈是一種分布式的數據庫，它的特點是數據區塊以時間順序相連的方式組合而成，同時以密碼學方式保証了數據的不可篡改和不可偽造。

Industry experts have told Mamma Finance that there was no uniform definition, but it is generally believed that the chain is a distributed database that features data blocks that are combined in a time-sequenced manner, and that at the same time it is guaranteed by cryptography that the data are non-false and non-false.

　　專家介紹，可以通俗地將區塊鏈理解為一個分布式的公共賬本，這個賬本由各個區塊連成一個鏈條。傳統記賬系統中，記賬權掌握在中心服務器手中。區塊鏈這個“賬本”，則是鏈條上的每一個點都能在上面記賬（記錄信息），從而構成一種點對點的記賬系統。因此，區塊鏈技術被認為是一種去中心化的技術。

The expert introduces that the chain can be understood in a popular way as a distributed public account, which is linked to one chain from one block to another. In the traditional accounts system, the right to record accounts is held in the hands of the central server. The chain, the “account”, is that every point on the chain can be recorded on it (recording information), from which it can be constructed into a system of accounts at a point-to-point level. Thus, the chain technology is considered to be a decentralised technique.

　　更為關鍵的是，由於以密碼學的方法加密，數據不可能被篡改﹔同時，區塊鏈用到的共識算法，又保証了區塊鏈對新增數據的認可。這樣一來，信息的可信度和真實性有了保証，區塊鏈又被稱作“信任機器”。

What's even more important is that the data cannot be tampered with by cryptography; at the same time, the community algorithms used in the chain confirm the validity of the new data. In this way, the information is authenticated and the chain is referred to as the Trust Machine.

　　“區塊鏈的核心功能是搭建信任機制。信任問題一旦被解決，互聯網的每個節點將不僅是信息結點，還有可能是價值和信用的節點。未來，價值的發布、傳播等都可能由中心的節點變成每一個人。”火幣網創始人李林說。

"The core function of the chain is to build trust mechanisms. Once the trust problem is resolved, every node of the Internet will be not only the information node, but also the node of value and credit. In the future, the distribution of values, distribution, etc., may be turned from the node of the center to the node of everyone." Lee Lin, the founder of the Flaminnet, said.

　　專家特意打了個比方，在一個100人的村庄，張三向李四家買了一頭牛，向他支付1萬元。過去，他要依靠中間人村會計趙六（總記賬人），將自己賬下的1萬元轉到李四賬下。而有了區塊鏈系統，張三可以直接將自己賬本中的1萬元記到李四的賬本上，同時交易信息會傳到全村（即整個區塊鏈系統），其他98個人也能看到信息。這樣一來，不用擔心趙六的賬本丟失，也不怕李四不認賬，而且由於系統記錄了整個交易過程，又具有可溯源的優勢。

In a 100-person village, Zhang San bought a cow from Lee's four families and paid him $10,000. In the past, he had to rely on the central village's accountant, Zhao 6 (the general accounter), to transfer his account of 10,000 dollars to Lee IV. With a chain system, Zhang San can directly write 10,000 dollars from his account book to Lee IV, and the same transaction information will be transmitted to the village as a whole (i.e. to the entire chain system), and 98 others will see the information. This way, without fear that Zhao's account book will be lost, without fear that Li IV will not accept it, and since the system has recorded the entire course of the transaction, it has the advantage of traceability.

　　國家互聯網應急中心互聯網金融安全技術重點實驗室主任吳震告訴麻辣財經，區塊鏈技術的核心優勢是區塊鏈系統中每一個信息，在網絡裡多個節點甚至每個節點都保存一遍。“任何節點自行修改數據，將不被其他節點認可，任意篡改數據變得不可能，整個網絡也因此形成了一張較為嚴密的大網。”

The Head of the Financial Security Critical Point Laboratory of the National Network Emergency Center of the United Nations told Samurai that the central advantage of the chain technology is that every information in the chain system is kept in multiple nodes and even in every node of the network. “Any node will change the data itself and will not be accepted by any other node, any manipulation of the data will become impossible, and the entire network will thus form a much more dense network.”

　　二問：區塊鏈技術有什麼用？

Two questions: What's the use of block chain technology?

　　正是由於區塊鏈技術的這種特性，讓它在那些依靠現有技術無法解決信任的領域，具有較大的應用潛力。

It is because of this characteristic of chain technology that it has greater application potential in areas where trust cannot be solved by existing technology.

　　專家表示，區塊鏈技術發展至今約10年時間，目前較為成規模的應用是在以加密貨幣為代表的金融領域。此外，電子存証是區塊鏈另一個比較成熟的應用。吳震介紹，“隨著經濟活動日益深入，一些重要的電子數據如電子合同等需要第三方存証。但一些第三方存証機構缺乏足夠的公信力，此時，採用區塊鏈技術就是一個較好的方案，即通過引入多方監督來確保電子數據存証的效力。”

According to experts, the sector chain technology has developed for about 10 years now and is now in a financial domain represented by encrypted currency. In addition, electronic memory is another more sophisticated application of the sector chain. An example of Go is that, “As economic activity deepens, important electronic data, such as electronic contracts, need to be recorded by third parties. But some third-party recorders lack sufficient credibility, and the use of sector chain technology is a better option to ensure the validity of electronic data storage by introducing multiple surveillance.”

　　目前，區塊鏈技術應用已延伸到數字金融、物聯網、智能制造、供應鏈管理、數字資產交易等多個領域。“區塊鏈+”在民生領域也擁有一定的想象空間。

currently, the use of block-link technology extends to multiple domains, such as digital finance, network, smart manufacturing, supply chain management, and digital asset trading. The "block-chains" +” also have some imagination space in the civil domain.

　　比如，在食品安全領域，借助可溯源、不可篡改的區塊鏈技術，可以從食品材料的源頭做起，搭建起一套區塊鏈技術體系及運營方案。再比如辦理政務時，使用區塊鏈技術實現身份信息數據共享，可能為我們省去重復填寫個人信息的時間，業務辦理將更加便捷，為公眾帶來更好的政務服務體驗。

In the field of food safety, for example, with traceable and non-manufactured chain technologies, it is possible to build a system of chain technology and operation programmes from the source of food materials. For example, in the case of government, the use of block chain technology for the sharing of identity information may save us time to rewrite personal information, and business management will be easier and lead to better performance in public administration.

　　當前，我國很多大中型企業都在研究、應用區塊鏈技術，包括國家電網、中遠海運集團等企業。中國平安也是較早進入區塊鏈的企業之一，已將區塊鏈技術布局金融、醫療、汽車、房產、智慧城市五大生態圈。在寧夏中寧，平安旗下的平安產險就通過區塊鏈技術連接物聯網設備，搭建智慧農業產銷溯源平台，實現全產業鏈溯源管理。人們可以實時了解枸杞全生長周期的狀態，並為每一片枸杞田地建立線上生產日志，記錄操作人員的栽植、灌溉、施肥、修剪、採摘等生產加工過程。

China is also one of the companies that entered the chain earlier. China has built a chain of technology to finance, medical care, cars, housing, and smart cities.

　　“我們在大數據運營實踐中，數據安全、隱私保護、數據確權、數據資產化和數據交易等都需要區塊鏈技術支撐。”浪潮集團高級副總裁肖雪告訴麻辣財經，浪潮2016年開始探索研究區塊鏈技術，並且基於區塊鏈打造了“數據鐵籠（IDS）”，做到了數據“非授權不可用”、“可用不可見”、“數據不出籠”，保障授權數據使用安全。此外，還將區塊鏈技術應用於實體經濟場景，通過建設運營質量鏈，在精准脫貧、地方特色品牌保護等方面發揮了作用。

“We need chain technology to support data security, privacy protection, data certainty, data capitalization and data trading in large data operations.” Wave group Senior Vice-President Snow told Samar that in 2016, the wave began to explore area chain technology and built a “IDS” based on sector chains to provide data “unauthorized access”, “unavailable”, “unavailable”, unincorporated, unincorporated” and secure the use of licensing data. In addition, the sector chain technology should be applied to real-world economic scenes and play a role in targeting poverty, local brand protection, etc.

　　三問：我國發展區塊鏈有啥優勢？

asks: What's the advantage of our development chain?

　　作為新興技術，全球主要國家都在加快布局區塊鏈技術。研究機構 IDC 數據顯示，2019年全球在區塊鏈解決方案上的支出預計接近 29 億美元，2022年將達到 124億美元。

As a new technology, major countries around the world are accelerating the deployment of chain technologies. Research institutions, IDC, show that global spending on sector chain solutions in 2019 is projected to be close to $2.9 billion and $12.4 billion in 2022.

　　那麼，我國推進區塊鏈技術有什麼優勢？

So, what's the advantage of the chain technology in our country?

　　專家表示，我國企業在全球區塊鏈技術領域具有一定的競爭力。在2019年上半年全球區塊鏈企業發明專利排行榜中，前100名的企業中，中國佔比67%，且專利排名前十的區塊鏈企業中，中國佔了7家。

In the first half of 2019, China accounted for 67% of the top 100 companies, and China accounted for 7 out of the top 10.

　　我國政府也比較關注區塊鏈技術的發展。2016年12月，國務院發布的《“十三五”國家信息化規劃》提出，加強區塊鏈等新技術基礎研發和前沿布局。這是區塊鏈首次被作為戰略性前沿技術列入規劃，此后一些地方也出台推動區塊鏈產業的專項政策，布局區塊鏈產業。

In December 2016, the State Department published the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Informatization, which proposed the development and front-line layout of new technologies, such as the Enhanced Zone Chain. This is the first time that a sector chain has been programmed as a strategic front-line technology, and since then there have been specific policies to promote the sector chain industry, which has been organized in several locations.

　　在李林看來，區塊鏈技術的戰略價值在於，有望助力數字經濟更公平、更有效率，並有可能成為下一代數字經濟的重要組成部分。

In Li Lin's view, the strategic value of chain technology is that it is expected to contribute to a fairer and more efficient digital economy, with the potential to become an important component of the next generation's digital economy.

　　“區塊鏈技術可以實現數據互信、價值互通和權益共享，從而推動數字經濟發展。”李林說，比如人們可以在沒有第三方中心機構和信用機構的情況下，通過區塊鏈技術，提高互信，降低協作成本，同時在區塊鏈上對勞動進行智能分配，就可能幫助人們權益共享，進而在數字經濟時代實現更公平、更合理的分配。

“Team-link technology can realize mutual trust in data, value-sharing and power-sharing, and push the digital economy forward.” Li Lin says, for example, that people can benefit from a more equitable and rational distribution of labour over the digital economy in the absence of a third-party central structure and credit structure, through a block-link technology that enhances mutual trust, reduces the cost of working together, and at the same time allocates intelligently on the chain.

　　四問：區塊鏈技術未來如何發展？