制圖/張佳琪
連續兩天，晨報報道了國人赴韓國整形失敗的案例及韓國整形業中存在的亂象。據公開信息顯示，今年初，韓國政府制定了到2020年吸引100萬外國醫療游客、醫療觀光收入達到30億美元以上的宏偉計劃。按現在的比例測算，預計屆時每年將有約8萬中國人赴韓整形，相當於目前人數的4倍以上。若相關醫療環境得不到改善，對於那些考慮赴韓“造美”的人來說，真是隱患重重。
Two days in a row, early in the year, reports of a failed orthopaedic visit to Korea and of a disarray in the country’s plastic industry. According to public information, early this year, the Korean government set up a grand plan to attract 1 million foreign medical tourists by 2020, with a health-care income of more than $3 billion.
昨天，記者再次聯系韓國駐上海領館，了解30歲女白領舒雪赴韓整形失敗一事，但對方仍未明確回應，僅表示尚在核實調查中。
Yesterday, journalists again contacted the Korean consulate in Shanghai to learn about the failure of the 30-year-old white-collar Shu Xue Xue to go to Korea, but they have yet to respond explicitly, stating that the investigation is still under way.
韓國整形亂象背后推手到底是誰，他們構成一個怎樣的利益鏈呢？
Who are the protagonists behind the Korean plastic disorder and what kind of a chain of interests do they form?
利益鏈1
國內中介以各種形態存在
中介提成5-7成
brokered to 5-70%
整形行業被韓國當成一個國家的支柱產業來看待，它所生產的利益不言而喻。國內著名整形專家、主任醫師、教授孫寶珊告訴記者，韓國將整形旅游作為國家策略進行推廣，幫韓國整形推銷的人，顯然都是有好處的。赴韓整容亂象背后，隱藏著一根利益鏈條。國內中介以各種形態存在，其中最為普遍的是“美容院”及美容網站機構。
Orthopaedics are viewed by Korea as the backbone of a country whose interests are self-evident. The country’s famous plasticists, chief medical practitioners, and professor Sun Boshan told reporters that South Korea’s efforts to promote orthopaedic tourism as a national strategy and to help Korea’s orthopaedic sales are obviously good.
孫寶珊介紹，很多國內消費者經各種渠道被介紹到韓國，其中“美容院”就是一個重要的主角。例如，一位患者在韓國做隆鼻，收費10萬元人民幣，美容院從中撈取的中介費用就高達5萬-7萬元，提成率達到手術費用的50%-70%。“在國內一些正規醫院，普通醫生做一台“綜合鼻整形”手術的費用僅有兩三千元人民幣，最好的專家來做也不過1萬元左右。”
Sun Bo San introduces that many domestic consumers have been introduced to Korea through a variety of channels, of which the beauty parlour is an important actor. For example, a patient who makes a noseful in Korea, collects 100,000 yuan in yuan, while the intermediary fee that the beauty parlour collects from it is 50,000-7 million yuan, which is 50-70 per cent higher than the cost of surgery. “In some of the country's regular hospitals, the average doctor spends only 23,000 yuan on a nose-to-nose surgery, and the best specialist can do no more than 10,000 yuan.”
鑒於高額利潤的吸引，一些美容院的美容業務成了副業，專心當起了“黑中介”，有些醫生甚至入股到了美容院。
Given the attraction of high profits, some beauty salons have become sub-professionals, focusing on “black agents”, and some doctors have even entered the beauty salon.
晨報報道的整形失敗受害者舒雪及百合，都是從一個名為“新氧網”的美容綜合網站了解相關信息，其中百合就是通過“新氧網”走上赴韓整形之路。今年1月份，百合在位於韓國狎鷗亭奧德羅的拉菲安整形醫院接受雙顎手術，現在咬合錯位，不能吃東西，交流困難。她說：“新氧網承諾醫院和醫生資質在他們公司有存檔，現在卻拿不出來。”舒雪告訴記者，整形失敗后，她在新氧網發的投訴帖子曾被屏蔽甚至刪除。
The morning report’s failed orthopaedic victim, Shuyuki and Lily, learned about the information from a beauty company called the New Oxygen Network, which took the road to Korea through the New Oxygen Network. In January this year, the Lily received double surgery at the Rafian orthopaedic hospital in Odro, South Korea, and now bites in the wrong spot, cannot eat or communicate. She said, “New Oxygen Promise Hospitals and Doctors are in their company, but they can’t get it out now.” Shuy told reporters that after the failure of the Oxygen Network, her post was blocked or even deleted.
像新氧網這種網站算不算中介？記者聯系到新氧網副總裁張帥。他給出的答復是：“我們不是中介，不收醫院的錢，不會偏袒任何一方。”但這並不能排除人們的疑惑，孫寶珊的說法是：“這中間你沒有利益，你為何要介紹患者去韓國？反正我是不相信。”
Is it an intermediary, like NNO? The reporter contacted NNOC’s Vice-President, and he said, “We're not intermediaries, we don’t take money from hospitals, we don’t favour either side.” But that doesn’t dispel people’s doubts, and Sun Bo-Shan says, “You have no interest in the middle, why would you introduce patients to Korea? I don’t believe it.”
利益鏈2
韓國“假專家”來國內練手
Korea's “false expert” came to train in the country
有民營醫院與“專家”三七分成
has private hospitals and with `experts' split by thirty-seven.
某些國內民營醫院從韓國請來一些所謂的“專家”，其實水平非常一般。有了“韓國專家”坐鎮，民營醫院就能堂而皇之地收取高價手術費。據孫寶珊了解，民營醫院和“韓國專家”即使三七分成，仍能賺取高額利潤。比如一台鼻整形手術收2萬元人民幣，醫院方面淨賺6000元，比國內大型醫院的利潤率高出很多。孫寶珊介紹：“目前，我們國家沒有門檻，韓國水平最差的醫生都可以來中國做手術。相反，頂尖的中國醫生不可以出國問診。
According to Sun Boshan, private hospitals and Korean specialists, even if they split, can make a lot of profits. For example, a nose orthopaedic surgery collects 20,000 yuan, and hospitals earn 6,000 yuan, much more than large hospitals in the country.
民營醫院為何不聘一些真專家呢？“請不到。”孫寶珊介紹，大韓整形協會車尚勉、安太奎兩位會長，在媒體採訪中也提到韓國具有整形醫生資格的醫生隻有2000位。100名整形醫生中隻有10名具有行醫資格，但韓國目前開業的整形醫院有2萬多家。韓國官方也承認，目前市場上隻有10%的整形醫院是比較正規的。孫寶珊補充說：“國內的明星都來不及做，哪有時間來中國？”
Why don't private hospitals hire real experts? “No, please.” Sun Bo Shan, the president of the Korean Orthopaedics Association, the president of Antequin, mentioned in media interviews that there are only 2,000 doctors with plastic surgeon qualifications in Korea. Only 10 of 100 plastic surgeons have medical qualifications, but there are more than 20,000 orthopaedic hospitals operating in Korea.
利益鏈3
interest chain 3 >/strong
“韓國醫院”愛宰中國客
"Korea Hospital" loves Chinese
收取中國人費用是韓國人10倍
手術費的大頭已被中介拿走了，韓國整形醫院怎麼賺錢？韓國整形市場上充斥著“宰客”的不良風氣，尤其是宰中國人。在韓國，同樣一台手術，整形醫院收取中國人的費用是韓國人的10倍左右。不論是否通過中介，隻要開口說漢語，就收10倍手術費。這種現象在非整形醫生所開設的醫院裡較為普遍。普通患者如何甄別這些醫院的優劣？“沒辦法甄別。”孫寶珊坦言：“國內患者的信息嚴重不對稱，當地90%的醫院都不正規，跳入火坑的幾率很大。”
In Korea, the same surgery, the plastic hospital charges about 10 times more Chinese than Koreans. Whether or not they speak Chinese or not, they charge 10 times more for surgery. This is more common in hospitals run by non-structors. How do ordinary patients distinguish between the advantages of these hospitals?
正規的10%的韓國醫生水平如何呢？孫寶珊表示，這個問題業內早有共識，論醫療水平，中韓整形醫生相差無幾，某些頂尖領域中國整形外科醫生更勝一籌。因為韓國的整形醫院都是小作坊式的，可能某個技術比如割雙眼皮比較好，但不是所有項目都會做。但中國的一些醫院都是巨無霸，無論硬件、軟件，都是領先的。單看醫療器械方面，韓國也不如美國和以色列等國家，韓國能買得起的器械，國內大醫院都有。
Sun Boshan said that there was early consensus on the issue, that there was little difference in medical treatment, and that some top Chinese orthopaedic surgeons were more successful. As Korean plastic hospitals were small-scale, it was possible that some techniques, such as eye-cutting, were better, but not all.
醫術不高的情況下，醫德缺失就更加可怕。與眾多赴韓整形失敗的患者溝通后，孫寶珊了解到，幾乎所有的患者術前都沒有與醫院進行充分溝通，醫院不聽取患者的意見，患者不要做的硬要求患者做，美其名曰“全面打造”，其實是醫院自己謀利的需要。
After communicating with many of the patients who failed to get to Korea’s orthopaedics, Sun Boshan learned that almost all patients did not have adequate communication with the hospital before the surgery, that the hospital did not listen to the patient, that the patient did not have to do what the patient did, and that it was called “full-scale construction” that the hospital needed to make its own profit.
利益鏈4
♪ Strangle 4 ♪ ♪ Strong 4 ♪ ♪ Strong 4 ♪
推波助瀾的“整形節目”
> . . >................................................................................................
盜用媒體名義，失敗案例變成功案例
晨報昨天報道中的靳魏坤，就是無意間在網上看到一檔名為《許願清單2》的整形節目在中國招募參與者，立即報了名，並入選。面試中，靳魏坤被JW整形醫院選中，於去年1月在韓國進行了免費手術。 In yesterday’s morning report, Jin Wei Quan, who inadvertently saw an online orthopaedic show called “List of Wishes 2” recruiting participants in China, immediately reported for election. During the interview, Jin Wei Qun was selected by JW for his orthopaedic hospital and performed a free surgery last January in Korea.
靳魏坤告訴記者，她去年3月15日見到了JW的薛院長和節目組康導演，他們說4月會把她帶往韓國，為她處理眉毛和臉部的問題，再進行手術。2人要求她好好配合錄節目。迫於各種壓力，靳魏坤隻能在濃妝艷抹及發型的掩飾下，強裝笑顏地說著違心的話配合著錄完節目。誰知節目錄完，對方便沒了音訊。 Wei Qun told the press that on March 15th, she saw the director of JW Xue and the director of the show, who said that she would be taken to Korea in April to deal with her eyebrow and face problems and then to operate. Two people asked her to cooperate well with the programme. Under all kinds of pressure, Wei Qun was able to make fun of the appearances and hairstyles and to make fun of the show in order to make fun of it.
靳魏坤后來發現，《許願清單2》根本不是像最初宣傳的那樣由韓國KBS電視台與上海某電視台聯合打造，這個所謂的熱播節目根本不存在，只是由韓國一家名為CARA Media的媒體公司制作出來，再“盜用兩大知名媒體名義，打造的營銷廣告”，最后在韓國一家名為MBC皇后(MBC QueeN)的電視台播出。靳魏坤事后找到這家電視台討說法，對方表示，他們只是做節目籌備，靳魏坤的事與他們無關。 Wei Qun later discovered that the "List of Promises 2" was not created as originally announced by KBS Korea in conjunction with a TV station in Shanghai, and that the so-called "hot show" did not exist, but was produced by a Korean media company called CARA Media, and that "the theft of two well-known media outlets and the creation of marketing advertisements" ended up on a Korean television station called MBC Queen (MBC Queen). Wei Quan found it later, saying that they were just preparing for the show and that it was none of their business.
靳魏坤說，節目中她或許是一個成功的整形案例，但實際沒播出的是，手術失敗的靳魏坤再次赴韓找到JW整形醫院時，院方將她的照片做成了展板，放在街頭展覽，並對她進行誹謗，還在她不知情的情況下偽造簽名，到首爾法院拿到一份對她實施罰款的判決書。 Wei Qun said that she may be a successful orthopaedic case on the show, but what was not actually aired was that when the failed surgeon went back to Korea to find JW Orthopaedic Hospital, the hospital turned her picture into an exhibition board, placed it on the street and made a prank on her, forged her signature without her knowledge, and obtained a copy of the sentence imposed on her in Seoul court.
赴韓整形失敗者 應該多途徑維權 "Strong" to Korea's plastic failure should have multiple access to
“在韓國維權與在國內維權相比，要難上十倍。”這是上海融孚律師事務所楊維江律師在聽完那些赴韓整形失敗的案例后說的第一句話。 “It is ten times more difficult to defend in Korea than it is in the country.” This is the first thing that Yang Wikjiang, a law firm in Shanghai, said after hearing about the failure of his orthopaedic journey to Korea.
楊維江介紹，當初舒雪和當事的韓國整形機構之間存在中介機構，如某些國內旅行社、美容院等，那麼在發生醫療糾紛時，中介機構也應是一個被追責的主體，多一個責任承擔人，對舒雪這樣的受傷害者來說就多一個得到賠償的機會。另外，韓國整形機構的醫療資質問題也應是維權過程中考察的重點，醫療是專業而復雜的系統，對這個行業設置較高的准入門檻是世界各國通行的做法，如果該機構，包括當事的醫生、護士資質存在問題，那麼受害人可以通過向當地的行政主管部門舉報，通過行政救濟的方法使自己的權益得到盡可能多的保護。“這也很難，韓國對整形行業的保護是非常厲害的，普通患者很難維權，一是取証留証問題，二是沒人幫你。在國內就不一樣，你可以打12315，你也可以找律師。” Yang Weijiang introduces the fact that when there is an intermediary between Shuyuki and the Korean orthopaedic institutions involved, such as some national travel agencies, beauty salons, etc., in the event of medical treatment, the intermediary should also be a responsible and responsible body, with one more chance of being compensated for an injured person, such as Shuyuki. In addition, the medical infrastructure of Korea's orthopaedic institutions should be at the centre of the process, and medical treatment is a professional and complex system, and the higher access to the industry is a common practice throughout the world. If there is a problem with the facility, including doctors, nurses, etc., the victim can report to the local administrative authorities, and his or her rights can be protected as much as possible through administrative rescue.
楊維江最后的建議是，多渠道、多途徑的維權。“不宜局限於對當事整形機構的糾結上，事情發展到這一步，受害人一方面期待著恢復自己的容貌，另一方面也應著眼於爭取合法合理的經濟賠償，並對當事的中介機構和整形機構做出懲罰。”(記者李東華 佟繼萍 ) The last suggestion of Yang Weijiang is that there should be multiple channels and multiple ways of defending rights. “It is not appropriate to limit itself to the problems of the plastic institution in question. This is a step forward, and the victim, on the one hand, looks forward to restoring his or her appearance and, on the other hand, aims to secure legitimate and reasonable financial compensation and to punish the agency in question and its orthopaedic structure.” (Reporter Li Donghua Jibing)
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