一、区块链网络拥塞的解释
区块链网络拥塞是指交易数量超过网络容量，导致处理延迟的情况。
Block chain network congestion is the case where the number of transactions exceeds network capacity, resulting in processing delays.
当待处理的交易数量超过网络可以处理的数量时，区块链网络就会变得拥塞。有限的区块大小和构建新区块所需的时间长度是造成此问题的原因。
The network of blocks becomes congested when the number of transactions to be processed exceeds the number that the network can handle. The limited size of blocks and the length of time it takes to build new ones are the reasons for this problem.
交易会被延迟，当交易量超过网络快速确认的能力时，用户会注意到处理时间变慢。比特币区块链上BRC-20代币的发行导致交易量迅速增加，导致比特币网络拥堵。
Transactions are delayed, and when the volume exceeds the ability of the network to quickly identify, users notice that processing time is slower. The issuance of BRC-20 tokens on the Bitcoin block chain leads to a rapid increase in the volume of transactions, resulting in a crowding up of the Bitcoin network.
使用量的增加、高交易量以及首次代币发行 (ICO)等事件可能会给系统带来压力并导致拥堵。用户可能会选择支付额外费用来优先处理交易，这在繁忙时期会增加更多费用。此外，由于拥塞，交易变得更加昂贵且效率较低，这也影响了整体用户体验。
Events such as increased usage, high volume of transactions, and first-time issue of tokens (ICO) can put pressure on the system and lead to congestion. Users may choose to pay additional fees to prioritize transactions, which may increase costs in busy times.
然而，区块链网络始终致力于提高可扩展性、确保交易更顺畅并减少拥塞相关问题的方法，例如协议更新和第2 层扩展解决方案。这些举措对于广泛采用至关重要，因为它们提高了区块链网络的稳健性和有效性，即使在需求旺盛的情况下也是如此。
However, the block chain network has been working on ways to increase scalability, ensure smoother transactions, and reduce congestion-related issues, such as protocol updates and layer 2 extension solutions. These initiatives are essential for widespread adoption, as they improve the robustness and effectiveness of the block chain network, even in situations of high demand.
二、高效区块链交易处理的重要性
高效的区块链交易处理对于实现各行业的高吞吐量、低延迟、降低交易费用和增强数据安全性至关重要。
Efficient block chain transaction processing is essential for achieving high throughput, low delays, lower transaction costs and enhanced data security across industries.
区块链技术在各行业的广泛应用和融合依赖于有效的区块链交易处理。可扩展性是其主要优势之一；它使区块链网络能够快速、并发地管理大量交易。
The widespread application and integration of block chain technology across industries depends on efficient block chain trading. Scalability is one of the main advantages; it enables the block chain network to manage a large volume of transactions quickly and simultaneously.
可扩展性一直是传统系统中的一个问题，但有效的区块链处理消除了这个问题，即使在高使用率期间也能提供平稳的操作。此外，通过降低延迟和拥塞，它可以提高网络性能并实现实时交易验证和确认。高效的交易处理还降低了交易费用，使私人和商业企业都更负担得起 区块链技术。
Extendability has been a problem in traditional systems, but effective block chains have eliminated the problem by providing smooth operations even during high usage rates. Moreover, by reducing delays and congestion, they can improve network performance and achieve real-time transaction validation and recognition. Efficient transaction processing also reduces transaction costs and makes block chain technology more affordable for both private and commercial enterprises.
此外，有效的区块链处理可确保数据安全至关重要的行业（例如金融、医疗保健和供应链管理）中的快速、安全和防篡改交易。区块链处理交易的速度将是新技术开发和采用速度的决定因素。
In addition, effective block chain processing will determine the speed with which new technologies will be developed and adopted in industries where data security is essential (e.g. finance, health care, and supply chain management).
三、区块链网络拥堵的原因
区块链网络拥塞是由高交易量、采用率增加、DApp、ICO 和恶意活动等因素引起的，导致交易处理延迟和更高的费用。
Block chain network congestion is caused by high turnover, increased adoption, Dapp, ICO and malicious activity, among other factors, resulting in delays in transaction processing and higher costs.
区块链网络的处理能力因许多问题而紧张，从而导致延迟和更高的交易费用。例如，超出网络容量的大量交易可能会压垮处理能力，从而延迟交易的确认。
The processing capacity of the block chain network is strained by a number of problems, resulting in delays and higher transaction costs. For example, a large number of transactions that exceed the network capacity may crush the processing capacity, thereby delaying the confirmation of the transaction.
此外，随着区块链技术的应用越来越广泛，越来越多的个人和公司进行交易，从而增加了网络流量。去中心化应用程序（DApp） 、去中心化金融（DeFi）平台以及智能合约的并发执行都给网络资源带来了相当大的负担并导致拥堵。
In addition, as block chain technology becomes more widely applied, more and more individuals and companies are trading, thereby increasing network traffic. Decentralizing applications (DApp), decentralizing financial platforms (DeFi) and the simultaneous implementation of smart contracts impose a considerable burden on network resources and lead to congestion.
此外，随着投资者参与 ICO 和代币销售等活动，网络进一步被交易堵塞。最后但并非最不重要的一点是，恶意行为者可能会通过发送大量低价值交易来导致系统中断，而网络架构中的物理限制（例如互联网连接不良）可能会阻碍数据的顺利流动并导致拥塞问题。
Moreover, networks are further blocked by transactions as investors engage in activities such as ICO and token sales. Last but not least, malicious actors may cause system disruptions by sending large numbers of low-value transactions, while physical limitations in network structures (e.g. poor Internet connectivity) may impede the smooth flow of data and lead to congestion.
四、网络拥塞的后果
> >, the consequences of cyber congestion .
在区块链系统中，网络拥塞可能会对用户、企业和去中心化应用程序的一般运行产生严重影响。
In block chain systems, network congestion may have serious implications for the general operation of users, businesses and decentralised applications.
一个直接后果是交易确认延迟。当网络拥挤时，依赖于及时支付或交易的服务会受到影响，因为交易需要更长的时间来处理。例如， 2017年底加密猫热潮期间，以太坊网络严重拥堵，导致平台交易延迟。
A direct consequence is a delay in the confirmation of transactions. When the network is crowded, services that rely on timely payment or transaction are affected, as transactions take longer to process. For example, during the encryption cat boom at the end of 2017, there was a serious congestion in the portal network, resulting in a delay in platform transactions.
较高的交易费用也是交易处理需求旺盛的结果。当出现拥堵或交易积压时，用户经常会提出更高的费用以加快交易速度。由于费用增加，交易可能会变得更加昂贵，特别是对于较小的交易。由于对 DeFi 应用的大量需求，以太坊网络在 2021 年出现拥堵，导致交易成本飙升。
High transaction costs are also the result of high demand for transaction processing. When there is congestion or backlog, users often raise higher costs to speed up transactions. Transactions may become more expensive, especially for smaller transactions, owing to higher costs.
此外，由于交易处理缓慢，DApp 的用户体验受到网络拥塞的影响。长时间的拥堵和糟糕的用户体验可能会让用户不愿意与 DApp 交互。沮丧或不满意的用户可能会完全放弃该平台，这将对 DApp 及其用户群的成功产生影响。
Moreover, because transactions are slow, the user experience of DApp is influenced by web congestion. Long periods of congestion and poor user experience may discourage users from interacting with DApp. Users who are frustrated or dissatisfied may abandon the platform altogether, which will have an impact on the success of DApp and its user community.
此外，开发者可能需要预留更多资源来提高 DApp 在拥塞时的性能。这种资源转移可能被用来改善用户功能或体验，从而延迟了整个 DApp 的开发。
In addition, developers may need to set aside more resources to improve the performance of DApp in congestion. This transfer of resources may be used to improve user functionality or experience, thereby delaying the development of the whole DApp.
五、解决区块链网络拥塞的策略
区块链网络拥塞需要通过多种策略来解决，包括短期修复和长期扩展解决方案。
Block chain network congestion needs to be addressed through a variety of strategies, including short-term rehabilitation and long-term extension solutions.
优化交易费用就是这样的策略之一。为了防止拥堵期间不必要的竞价战，用户可以设置合理的费用。此外，开发人员可以实施第 2 层解决方案，例如以太坊的汇总和比特币的闪电网络，通过允许某些交易在链外进行来减少主区块链的负载。
Optimizing transaction costs is one of these strategies. In order to prevent unnecessary competition during congestion, users can set reasonable costs. Moreover, developers can implement tier 2 solutions, such as the Tai Hyang and Bitcoin lightning networks, to reduce the load of the main block chain by allowing certain transactions to take place outside the chain.
此外，通过增加每个块中执行的交易数量并增强块传播方法，可以提高吞吐量。此外，改用权益证明或其他有效的共识算法可以降低计算负载，从而使区块链网络能够支持更多交易。
In addition, through increasing the number of transactions executed in each block and enhancing the method of dissemination of the block, it is possible to increase the amount of throughput. In addition, switching to certificates of entitlement or other valid consensus algorithms can reduce computing loads, thereby enabling the block chain network to support more transactions.
作为应对区块链网络拥塞的关键策略，以太坊区块链实施的分片技术脱颖而出。通过将区块链分割成更小的部分而创建的每个分片都可以独立运行来处理交易。这种并行处理大大增加了网络的容量，使得大量交易能够同时进行。
As a key strategy for dealing with block-chain network congestion, the technology of the fragments implemented by the Taiwan block chain is distinguished. Each segment created by dividing the block-chain into smaller parts can run independently to deal with the transaction. This parallel processing greatly increases the network’s capacity, enabling a large number of transactions to take place simultaneously.
最后，鼓励 DApp 开发人员改进他们的智能合约和代码可以减少网络上不必要的负载。区块链平台可以通过结合各种技术来减少流量，从而实现平稳的交易处理并改善用户体验。
Finally, encouraging Dapp developers to improve their smart contracts and codes can reduce unnecessary loads on the network. Block-chain platforms can reduce traffic by combining various technologies, leading to smooth transaction processing and improved user experience.
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