“十四五”时期，随着全球数字化进程的深入推进，区块链产业竞争将更加激烈。
& ldquo; 14th & rdquo; period, as the process of global digitization progresses further, the sector chain industry will become more competitive.
作为新兴数字产业之一，区块链在产业变革中发挥着重要作用。近年来，区块链技术和产业在全球范围内快速发展，应用已延伸到数字金融、物联网、智能制造、供应链管理、数字资产交易等多个领域，展现出广阔的应用前景。
As one of the emerging digital industries, block chains play an important role in industrial change. In recent years, block-chain technologies and industries have developed rapidly around the world, with applications extending to a wide range of areas, such as digital finance, physical networking, smart manufacturing, supply chain management, and digital asset trading.
日前，工信部、网信办印发《关于加快推动区块链技术应用和产业发展的指导意见》（以下简称《指导意见》），进一步明确了区块链行业未来10年的发展目标——到2025年，我国区块链产业综合实力达到世界先进水平，产业初具规模；到2030年，我国区块链产业综合实力持续提升，产业规模进一步壮大。
The guidance on accelerating the technological application of block chains and industrial development (hereinafter referred to as the guidance) was issued by the Ministry of Industry and Communications and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to further define the development goals of the block chain industry over the next 10 years & mdash; & mdash; by 2025, the country's block chain industry had achieved the world's most advanced combined strength and its nascent size; and by 2030, the country's block chain industry had continued to grow.
“《指导意见》的发布说明我国区块链发展的顶层设计已基本完成，对行业的整体发展有着重要的指导意义。”中国信息通信研究院云计算与大数据研究所所长何宝宏接受人民网记者采访时表示，随着相关政策的大力扶持、技术的不断优化、应用的持续拓展和治理的逐渐完善，区块链将迎来新的发展机遇期。
& & ldquo; the publication of the Guidance shows that the top layers of the development of the country’s block chain are almost complete, and are of great importance for the overall development of the industry. & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & the Director of the China Institute for Information and Communications Research Institute for Cloud Calculation and Big Data in an interview with the People’s Network journalist said that, as the policies are strongly supported, technology is being optimized, the chain of blocks is being continuously expanded and governance is gradually improved, and new opportunities for development will emerge.
多地出台“行动计划”——
聚焦场景、企业、产业集聚区、人才等
Focus scenes, businesses, industrial clusters, talent, etc.
近年来，我国区块链发展不断提速，各地陆续出台相关发展计划，以支持区块链技术创新、应用场景扩展和产业融合发展。
In recent years, the development of the block chain has been accelerating, and development plans have been put in place in various parts of the country to support technological innovation in the block chain, the expansion of the application landscape and the development of industrial integration.
据不完全统计，自2020年以来，已有北京、河北、江苏、浙江、湖南、广东、海南、贵州、广西、云南等10个省级行政区出台区块链专项发展政策（见下表）。此外，还有宁波、福州、泉州、长沙、成都、青岛等多个城市也出台了相关政策文件。
According to incomplete statistics, since 2020, there have been 10 provinces in Beijing, Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Yunnan with specific development policies (see table below). In addition, several cities, including Ningbo, Fuzhou, Quanzhou, Changsha, Chengdu and Qingdao, have also produced policy documents.
2020年以来各省区市区块链专项发展政策汇总。制表：邓理天（实习）
《指导意见》围绕区块链应用场景、企业培育、产业集聚区、人才队伍等提出了2025年短期目标，包括：区块链应用渗透到经济社会多个领域，在产品溯源、数据流通、供应链管理等领域培育一批知名产品；培育3-5家具有国际竞争力的骨干企业和一批创新引领型企业；打造3-5个区块链产业发展集聚区；形成支撑产业发展的专业人才队伍等。
The Guidance sets out short-term goals for 2025 around the application of block chains, business incubators, industrial clusters, the workforce, etc., including: the application of block chains to many areas of the economy and the development of a number of well-known products in areas such as product traceability, data flow and supply chain management; the nurturing of three to five internationally competitive cadres and a group of innovative leading enterprises; the creation of three to five cluster industrial development clusters; and the formation of a cadre of professionals to support industrial development.
从目前各地的政策文件来看，多地都提出了相应的目标或举措。如在培育企业方面，浙江计划培育15家以上国内区块链领军企业；河北明确区块链相关领域领军企业和龙头企业要达到20家；湖南将推动3万家企业上链。在产业集聚区方面，贵州计划打造2至3个区块链产业基地；江苏计划3个省级区块链产业发展集聚区；北京提出重点在海淀区、朝阳区、通州区等建设各具特色和优势的区块链产业创新发展基地。在人才方面，江苏计划建设10个区块链人才实训基地；广西提出到2025年培育引进中高级人才1000名以上……
With regard to industrial clusters, the State plans to build two to three sector-based industrial bases; Jiangsu plans three provincial sector-based industrial development centres; and Beijing proposes innovative development bases for sector-specific and superior sector-based industries, focusing on the districts of Haidian, Dawyang and Tonzhou. In terms of talent, Jiangsu plans to build 10 district-specific training bases; Guangxi proposes to foster the introduction of more than 1,000 hellips for senior and middle-level talent by 2025; and hellip;
业内人士认为，当前区块链产业发展迎来“政策红利期”，未来产业发展和技术应用落地有望提速。
According to industry, the development of the current block chain industry is approaching & & ldquo; the policy dividend period & & rdquao; and future industrial development and technology applications are expected to accelerate.
应用场景加速落地——
applications accelerate landings & mdash; —
对经济社会发展的支撑作用初步显现
用手机一扫包装上“区块链溯源”的二维码，商品的商家名称、原产地位置、产品特色等“身份”信息一目了然。区块链技术在防伪溯源上运用，是各地近年来主动创新技术应用场景的一个缩影。 & ldquao on a mobile phone; &rdquao on a block chain; &rdquao on a two-dimensional code, &ldquao on a commodity's business name, place of origin, product characteristics, etc. & & & & rdquao; the information is clear. Block chain technology is applied on a pseudo-retrace basis and is a microcosm of the field of application of proactive innovation in recent years in various parts of the world. 随着区块链技术的不断成熟，区块链在防伪溯源、供应链管理、司法存证、政务数据共享、民生服务等场景中已经初露锋芒。各地政府已经意识到区块链的应用前景和对于经济社会发展的重要意义，更多的应用场景正在加速落地。 As the technology of block chains matures, the blocks’ chains are already emerging in such contexts as anti-professional traceability, supply chain management, judicial documentation, sharing of government data, and human services. Local governments have become aware of the prospects for block chains and their importance for economic and social development, and more applications are accelerating. 日前，雄安新区完成首笔“链上”数字人民币工资代发，今年新区春季造林项目建设者以“数字人民币”形式领到工资，这是全国首批“区块链+数字人民币”应用场景之一。当地金融部门相关负责人介绍：“数字人民币为人们提供了更多的支付选择，商户使用数字人民币结算，资金可实时到账，方便快捷，且没有手续费。” Today, the Yu Anjin District has completed its first & ldquo; the chain & & rdquo; the digital renminbi payroll, and the builders of this year’s spring silvicultural projects in the new district received & & & & rdquo; in the form of wages, which was the first & & & & & & & & & & rdquao; the block chain + the digital renminbi & & rdquo; one of the applications. & & & & & & & & dquao; the local financial sector officials introduced & & & & & ldquo; the digital renminbi provides more options for people to pay; traders settle in real time, using the digital renminbi, and the money can be paid in real time, easily and without transaction costs. & & & rdquao; 政务服务方面，区块链技术已经在数字身份、电子存证、电子票据、工商注册等多个应用场景落地。2020年，区块链在北京政务服务领域已落地140个具体场景应用，平均减少材料40%，让不少场景实现“最多跑一次”；在深圳，区块链电子证照应用平台，已经整合了居民身份证等24类常用电子证照和100多项高频政务服务事项。记者了解到，在各地发布的“行动计划”中，“政务上链”成为区块链技术的主要应用场景之一。 In terms of government services, block chain technology has been on the ground in several applications, such as digital identity, electronic record-keeping, electronic paper, and business registration. In 2020, the block chain was on the ground for 140 specific scenarios in the Beijing area of government services, with an average reduction of 40 per cent in materials, allowing a number of scenes to achieve “ a maximum run & rdquo; in Shenzhen, the block chain electronic license application platform has integrated 24 types of electronic certificates and more than 100 high-frequency services, such as resident identification cards. “近两年，区块链产业确实在政策和资金的帮助下，实现了跨越式发展，各个领域应用百花齐放，区块链技术逐渐走进日常生活。”宇链科技创始人、CEO罗骁对记者表示，根据目前的经验来看，区块链技术应用在降本增效方面具有重要意义。“比如，基于区块链技术的软硬一体化智慧巡检产品，能够应用于后厨、消防、危废品等巡检，极大的帮助企业减轻管理成本，同时也能服务于监管部门。” & & & ldquo; In the last two years, the block chain industry has indeed been able, with the help of policy and funding, to develop in a cross-cutting manner, with the application of flowers and flowers in various fields and the gradual introduction of block chain technology into everyday life. & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & ; 工信部相关负责人表示，当前，我国区块链技术应用和产业已经具备良好的发展基础，涌现了一批有代表性的区块链应用。区块链对我国经济社会发展的支撑作用初步显现。 The relevant head of the Ministry of Information and Communications stated that the technological and industrial applications of the block chain are now well established, and that a number of representative block-chain applications have emerged. The role of the block-chain in supporting the country’s economic and social development is beginning to emerge. 把握机遇和挑战—— seizes opportunities and challenges ; 推动我国区块链产业取得新优势 promotes new advantages for our block chain industry 当前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革进一步深化，全球主要国家都在加快布局区块链技术发展。我国拥有强大的内需市场和丰富的应用场景，在区块链领域拥有良好基础，特别是联盟链发展迅速，但仍面临行业应用有待深入、产业基础还需夯实、生态培育有待加强等挑战。 Currently, a new technological revolution and industrial transformation are deepening, with major global countries accelerating the technological development of block chains. We have a strong domestic demand market and a rich application landscape, and a good foundation in the area of block chains, particularly the fast-growing alliances, but still face the challenges of deep industrial applications, stronger industrial foundations, and stronger eco-culture. 与此同时，核心技术亟待突破、融合应用尚不成熟、产业生态有待完善、人才储备明显短缺等问题和短板，也在掣肘着区块链产业的发展。 At the same time, the urgent need to break through core technologies, the immaturity of integration applications, the need to improve industrial ecology, the apparent shortage of human resources and the short-term plan are also constraining the development of block-chain industries. “当前区块链产业发展仍处在初期阶段。区块链技术本身仍然面临安全、可信、扩展性等问题。区块链受限于底层技术、场景和商业化等因素，导致目前还没有规模化落地。”何宝宏指出，推动产业健康有序发展，要加强对区块链技术的引导和规范，通过完善区块链标准体系建设，推广和普及区块链的技术应用。 & & & ldquo; The current development of the block chain industry is still in its early stages. The block chain technology itself continues to face problems of safety, credibility, and expansion. The block chain is limited to lower-level technology, landscapes, and commercialization, leading to a lack of scale. & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &. 《中国区块链应用发展研究报告（2020）》指出，我国区块链专业人才不足，也极大限制了区块链技术规范标准化进程及产业的快速发展。目前，国内高校正在积极推出区块链专业课程，弥补人才短板。据人民网区块链研究院不完全统计，全国已有包括清华大学、复旦大学、浙江大学、同济大学、西安电子科技大学等30多所高校推出了区块链课程。 According to the Study on the Development of the Applied Block Chains in China (2020), there is a shortage of specialized personnel in the sector chain, which also severely limits the process of standardization of block chain technical regulations and rapid industrial development. At present, the country’s higher education institutions are actively promoting block chain professional courses to compensate for the shortage of talent. According to incomplete statistics from the People’s Networking Block Chain Research Institute, there are already more than 30 block chain courses in the country, including the University of Tsinghua, the University of Gangan, the University of Zhejiang, the University of Honzi, and the University of Electronic Technology in Xian. 《指导意见》中明确了应用牵引、创新驱动、生态培育、多方协同、安全有序的基本原则，统筹协调产学研用各方力量，聚力解决制约产业发展的关键问题，努力推动我国在区块链领域取得产业新优势。 The Guiding Principles define the application of the fundamental principles of traction, innovation-driven, eco-culture, multiplicity of synergies and a safe and orderly approach, the integration of the forces of production and research, the pooling of efforts to address the key issues constraining industrial development, and the promotion of the country's new industrial advantages in the area of block chains. 深化行业应用，推动区块链融合应用，支撑行业数字化转型和产业高质量发展，加快应用创新，支撑公共服务透明化、平等化、精准化；夯实产业基础，重点从标准体系、技术平台、质量品牌、网络安全、知识产权等方面，协同提升产业基础能力；布局产业链，培育一批区块链名品、名企、名园，建设开源生态；培养产业人才，支持高校设置区块链专业课程，通过建设人才实训基地等方式，加强区块链职业技术教育…… (a) Deepening industrial applications, promoting the integration of block chains, supporting the digital transformation of industries and high-quality industrial development, accelerating the application of innovations and supporting transparency, equity and precision in public services; strengthening the industrial base, with a focus on upgrading industrial infrastructure from standard systems, technical platforms, quality brands, cybersecurity, intellectual property rights, etc.; developing industrial chains and creating open-source ecology; developing industrial talent, supporting specialized courses in building block chains in high-level schools, and strengthening sector-based vocational and technical education through, inter alia, the building of physical training bases & Hellip; and & Hellip; “《指导意见》是对区块链产业未来规划的详细实现路径，符合当下实际数字经济愿景目标。”罗骁表示，当前各地政府都在争相获取行业头部企业，甚至一些地方通过招商引资等方式给出巨大优惠，吸引各地优秀企业入驻。文件明确了园区对于产业区块链发展的重要意义，同时也明确了未来产业发展集聚区的数量。 & & ldquo; Guidance is a detailed approach to the future planning of the block chain industry, consistent with the real digital economy vision of the moment. & & & & & Rhodquo say that governments are now competing to obtain large concessions from industry head businesses, and even from some places to attract good firms. The paper identifies the importance of parks for the development of the industrial block chain, and also identifies the number of future clusters of industrial development. “未来10年区块链产业将处于最好的发展时期，同时也必将面临更为激烈的竞争和挑战。《指导意见》为区块链产业的发展提供了方向指导，将促进后续各地的细则出台与落地实施，为建设先进的区块链产业体系奠定基础。”广州智链未来科技有限公司总经理肖颖浩认为，随着《指导意见》的出台，未来三到五年越来越多的机构将进入到行业中，市场竞争会逐步加剧。对于区块链企业而言，一方面要做好技术研究和技术储备，另一方面也要紧跟市场需求，切实与产业需要相结合，快速找到成熟可复制的商业模式，才能在激烈竞争的产业环境下生存发展。 & & ldquo; the block chain industry will be in its best state of development in the next 10 years, and will face even more intense competition and challenges. The Guidance provides direction for the development of the block chain industry, which will facilitate the adoption and implementation of rules in subsequent locations, and will lay the groundwork for the construction of an advanced block chain industrial system. & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; ; & & & & & & ; & & & ; & ; ; ; ; ; & & ; ; ; & & & & & & & & & & & & ; ; ; ; ; & & ; ; ; & & ; ; & & & & ; ; & ; ; & & & ; & & & & ; ; & 工信部相关负责人表示，出台《指导意见》，有助于进一步夯实我国区块链发展基础，加快技术应用规模化，建设具有世界先进水平的区块链产业生态体系，实现跨越发展。 The relevant officials of the Ministry of Information and Communications stated that the adoption of the Guidance would help to further consolidate the foundations of the development of the country's block chain, accelerate the scaling of technology applications and build an eco-system of sector chain industries with the world's most advanced levels of development.
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