比特币最迷人的地方就是挖矿了。为什么挖矿这么迷人？因为挖矿能获得比特币呗。我写这篇文章的时候比特币的价格是3900美元，如果能挖到一个区块，就能获得48750美元的挖矿收入和约6000美元的交易手续费收入，这不是非常迷人吗？
bitcoin is the most fascinating place to dig. Why is mining so charming? Because mining can get bitcoin. The price of bitcoin was $3,900 when I wrote this article. If I could dig a block, I could get $48,750 in mining revenue and about $6,000 in transaction fees. Isn't that fascinating?
那么到底什么是挖矿呢？矿工又如何通过挖矿获得比特币的呢？这就需要从比特币区块链系统采用的PoW（工作量证明）共识机制说起了。
So what is mining? How does a miner get bitcoin by digging up a mine? This needs to be explained by the PoW (Credit of Work) consensus mechanism used by the Bitcoin block chain system.
PoW（工作量证明）共识机制
先讲一个故事：
Let's start with a story:
有一个村子，这个村子里很多事情都需要大家一起决策。比如某天，村长需要全体村民一起决策今天中午村里的大食堂是包饺子还是擀面条。
There is a village, where many things need to be decided together. One day, for example, the village chief needs all the villagers to decide whether the canteen in the village today is a dumpling or a noodle.
通常，我们能想到的方法就是投票----每个村民一票，少数服从多数。但是有些村民并不想在食堂吃饭，所以他可能就会把票送给别人，这样就有可能会导致不公平，在食堂吃饭的大多数人可能没有实现他们的愿望。
Usually, the way we can think about it is to vote -- one vote per village and a few to obey the majority. But some villagers do not want to eat in the canteen, so he may give the tickets to others, which may lead to unfairness, and most people eating in the canteen may not fulfil their wishes.
于是村长换了一种办法，他在10点50的时候，用大喇叭给全体村民广播：“大家来选择食堂中午是做饺子还是做面条，想来食堂吃饭的人，就去食堂门口推那个巨大的石头，到了11点整，石头被推到了大门东边，中午就吃饺子；推到了大门西边，中午就吃面条。”
So the head of the village changed the way he broadcast the loudspeaker to all the villagers at 10:50: & ldquo; who chooses whether the canteen is for dumplings or noodles at noon, and who wants to come to the canteen for dinner, then pushes the giant stone at 11 o'clock, and the stone is pushed east of the gate and eats dumplings at noon; and pushes to the west of the gate and eats noodles at noon; and & rdquo;
于是想去食堂吃饭的人，就跑去推石头了。出力多的人群最终实现了自己的愿望，出力少的人群也心甘情愿，因为村里一直都是这样的规矩。
So those who want to eat in the canteens run to push stones. The people who work hard finally realize their wish and the people who work less willingly, because this is the way the village always does.
这个故事讲了一种实现人群共识的方式，我们可以叫它“工作量证明机制”。利用出力的多少，来证明自己的选择意愿。
This story tells us a way to achieve consensus, we can call it & & & & & & & & & ; the workload proof mechanism & & & &. Use the strength to prove the will to choose.
在这个系列的第一篇文章里，我们讲到了区块链系统能够让所有人的账本保持一致。这种让所有节点数据保持一致的机制，我们称之为共识机制。采用不同的共识算法，能够实现不同性能的共识效果，其最终目的都是保持数据的一致性。
In the first article in this series, we talk about a block chain system that allows everyone to keep their books in line. This mechanism that aligns all node data, which we call a consensus mechanism. Using different consensus algorithms, it achieves a consensus effect of different performances, the ultimate purpose of which is to maintain data consistency.
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