每经记者 肖 乐
2017年开年，国内比特币市场似乎正在重演2013年底暴涨暴跌的历史。1月5日，比特币价格最高涨至8895元，但随后急转直下。昨日（1月11日）17：00左右，相关平台被央行约谈的消息得到证实后，比特币更是从6400元左右一举跌破6000元。截至当日21：22，火币网的比特币价格最低跌至5155元。
昨日，央行北京营管部和央行上海总部同时发布消息，宣布联合地方金融部门组成检查组，进驻火币网、币行、比特币中国等平台，就企业是否超范围经营，是否未经许可或无牌照开展信贷、支付、汇兑等相关业务；是否有涉市场操纵行为；反洗钱制度落实情况；资金安全隐患等进行现场检查。截至昨日下午6点，国内前三大比特币交易平台币行、比特币中国以及火币网的24小时成交量分别达到222万、149万和118万。
Yesterday, both the Central Bank's Beijing Department of Management and the Central Bank's Shanghai headquarters announced that they would join the local financial sector to form an inspection team to sit on platforms such as the Sign currency Network, the Currency Bank, and the Bitcoin China, to conduct credit, payments, currency exchange and other related operations without permission or license; to engage in market manipulation; to implement the anti-money-laundering regime; and to conduct on-site checks. As of yesterday afternoon at 6 p.m., 24-hour exchanges between the country's three former Bitcoin trading platforms, the Currency Bank, the Bitcoin China, and the Currency Network had reached 2.2, 1.49 and 1.18 million, respectively.
值得一提的是，2013年底，央行曾明确规定，要求第三方支付机构不得给比特币、莱特币等的交易网站提供支付与清算业务。而2017年1月10日，据《中国证券报》报道，“监管部门近期将继续约见业内人士，讨论设立第三方比特币托管平台，确保比特币交易的安全。”
It is worth mentioning that, at the end of 2013, the Central Bank specified that third-party payment agencies should not be required to provide payment and liquidation services to trading sites such as Bitcoin and Lightcoin. On 10 January 2017, the Chinese Securities Journal reported that “regulators would continue to meet with businessmen in the near future to discuss the establishment of a third-party Bitcoin hosting platform to ensure the security of Bitcoin transactions.”
不过，当《每日经济新闻》记者问及比特币第三方托管方面的问题时，接近央行检查组的人士向记者表示，昨天是有进驻检查，但没有回应托管一事。中央民族大学法学院教授、互联网金融研究专家邓建鹏向记者表示，比特币投资者的资金和比特币均存放在交易平台公司账户，存在一定的道德风险。不过，目前设立第三方托管短期内来看不大可能，这与央行此前的规定相悖，同时也存在很多技术和标准上的问题。
However, when the Daily Economic News reporter asked questions about third-party custody in Bitcoin, people close to the Central Bank’s inspection team told the journalist that there had been a check-up yesterday, but did not respond to the hosting. The professor at the Central National University School of Law and the Internet finance research expert, Deng Jianping, told the journalist that there was a certain moral risk that Bitcoin investors’ funds and bitcoins were kept in the accounts of trading platforms.
亦有分析指出，目前比特币行业存在一些乱象，不排除监管层未来采取一些非常手段的可能。记者注意到，由于现在的比特币交易平台普遍引入了杠杆交易，投资者能够融资融币，在市场暴涨暴跌的情况下，风险被进一步放大。
There is also an analysis that suggests that there is some confusion in the Bitcoin industry, which does not preclude the possibility of some extraordinary measures to be taken in the future at the regulatory level. Journalists note that the risk is further magnified by the fact that the current Bitcoin trading platform is generally leveraged to enable investors to finance the currency’s melting.
投资者：遇大跌无法登陆
Investors: Unable to land in a fall
“1月5日暴跌之前，很多人使用杠杆交易。”比特币投资者李明（化名）对《每日经济新闻》记者说道，比特币投资者能够向平台融资融币，进行多空双向操作。记者了解到，目前火币网和币行均提供最高五倍的杠杆额度，杠杆手续费率为每日0.1%。根据火币网的规定，当用户的杠杆持仓风险率，也就是总资产/杠杆额度（杠杆额度含手续费）低于110%时，系统将强制平仓。
“Unfortunately, before the fall of 5 January, many people used leverage to trade.” Bitcoin investor Li Ming (aliased) told the Daily Economic News journalist that Bitcoin investors were able to borrow money from the platform in a multi-air, two-way operation. The reporters learned that the system would be forced to level the leverage risk rate, i.e., when the total asset/leveraging line (with a fee) was less than 110 per cent, at a rate of 0.1 per cent per day, at the current rate of up to five times that of the gunnet and the currency line.
邓建鹏表示，目前比特币交易平台的盈利模式主要是通过提供融资融币服务收取手续费，资金年化利息高达36%，这其中存在很大的风险。有些人并不是合格投资者，也去融资融币，一旦遇到暴跌，就很可能被强制平仓，所有本金都可能损失掉。
According to Deng Jianjun, the current profit model of the Bitcoin trading platform is mainly to charge a fee for money-cutting services, with an annual interest rate of 36%, which is a high risk. Some are not qualified investors, but also to finance the coins, and if they fall, they are likely to be forced down and all the principals may be lost.
此外，比特币交易平台的不成熟，也让投资者承担了不必要的风险。李明告诉记者，因为1月5日下午无法登录交易平台，他的账户就被强制平仓了。
In addition, the immaturity of the Bitcoin trading platform has placed unnecessary risks on investors. Li Ming told reporters that his account had been forced down because it was impossible to access the platform in the afternoon of 5 January.
“1月5日17：00左右，我的火币APP无法登录，接着我在17：30左右收到充值提醒，因为我的账户市值快要低于杠杆平仓值。但在尝试各种方式之后，账户依然无法登录。”李明说道，“因为使用了杠杆，所以急着充值防止被强制平仓。但是登录上火币网页版已经是18：00过了，我查询资金交易明细发现，账户已经被强平。”
“On 5 January, at around 1700, my gun money APP was unable to log in, and I was reminded at 1730 that the market value of my account was almost below the leverage level. But after trying various ways, the account was still not able to log in.” Li Ming said, “As leverage was used, it was urgent to prevent the charge from being forced down. But it was already past 1800, and I looked at the details of the money transaction and found that the account was already flat.”
李明在火币网上使用了5倍杠杆，投入的3万元资金被放大至15万元。在这次强平中，李明损失了21000元。
LEE Ming used a five-fold leverage on the gunnet, and the $30,000 invested was scaled up to $150,000. This time, LEE Ming lost $21,000.
由于比特币涨跌速度很快，投资者往往采取计划交易方式，设置止损点，以防暴跌损失。李明表示，自己设置的计划交易在当天也失灵了，“平常的计划交易都很管用，但是1月5日暴跌的时候却根本没发挥作用。”
Because of the speed with which Bitcoin is going up and down, investors tend to plan transactions and set cut-off points in order to prevent losses from falling. Li Ming states that his own planned transactions failed that same day, and that “the usual planned transactions worked, but they didn’t work at all when the 5th of January fell.”
另一位比特币投资者杨光（化名）告诉记者，以往遇到大涨或者大跌的情况时，火币网的网页端或者APP也出现过无法登录、交易卡顿的情况。他表示，1月7日火币网再次出现无法交易的情况，但是持续时间较短。
Another Bitcoin investor, Yang Gwang (aliasing) told reporters that, in the past, when there was a big ups and downs, there was also a lack of access to and trade in Carton at the end of the gunnet, or at the APP. He said that on January 7, there was again a non-tradable, but for a relatively short period of time.
对于上述问题，火币网方面表示，由于新涌入的投资者太多，导致平台出现问题。火币网数据显示，1月5日凌晨1：00，比特币突破历史最高价位8000元，当天13：00比特币上涨到了历史最高价格8895元。当天，经媒体报道后，火币网当日的注册用户数和登录数均达到了历史新高。访问用户数突然大增导致火币APP访问超时，同时段火币Web端官网可以使用，当天火币官方网站发出暂停使用APP的公告。
In response to the above, the gunnets indicated that the platform was in trouble because of the large influx of new investors. The gunnet data showed that at 1 a.m. on 5 January, bitcoins broke the historic maximum price of $8,000, and 13 p.m. on that day the price rose to a historic maximum of $88995. On the same day, after media reports, the number of registered users and the number of login on the gunnets reached an all-time high.
此外，火币网方面表示，由于1月5日当天价格出现了较大波动，平台下调了杠杆额度，最多2倍杠杆。另据《中国证券报》报道，1月9日凌晨1时，币行网站也出现故障，交易暂停10多分钟。对此，币行总裁助理张珺向《每日经济新闻》记者表示，交易暂停是由于系统升级，因用户量暴涨，导致系统需要升级。此外，她表示，当价格波动比较大的时候，杠杆业务一般会暂停。
Also, the China Securities Journal reported that, at 1 a.m. on 9 January, the money-bank website had broken down and transactions were suspended for more than 10 minutes. In response, the assistant president of the bank said to the daily economy journalist that the suspension of transactions was due to system upgrades and the need to upgrade the system as a result of the surge in the number of users. In addition, she said that leverage operations would normally be suspended when price volatility was relatively high.
监管层接连出手整顿
There's a chain-of-custody system.
记者注意到，比特币价格出现暴涨暴跌后的次日（1月6日），央行北京营管部和央行上海总部分别约见了火币网、币行、比特币中国等交易平台的主要负责人，了解平台运行情况，提示可能存在的风险，要求平台自查并进行相应的清理整顿。
Journalists noted that on the day following the sharp rise and fall of Bitcoin prices (6 January), the central bank's Beijing battalion management department and the central bank's headquarters in Shanghai met with the principals of the trading platforms, such as the coin net, the currency bank, and the Bitcoin China, respectively, to learn about the platform's operation, to point out possible risks and to demand that the platform conduct its own checks and clean up accordingly.
几天之后，事情再度出现新的进展。昨日下午，央行北京营管部官网发布消息称，已经与北京市金融工作局等单位组成联合检查组，于1月11日起进驻火币网、币行等比特币、莱特币交易平台，就交易平台执行外汇管理、反洗钱等相关金融法律法规、交易场所管理相关规定等情况开展现场检查。
A few days later, new developments have taken place. Yesterday afternoon, the Central Bank’s network of officials from the Beijing Barracks Department announced that it had formed a joint unit with the Beijing Finance Bureau, among others, to set up, on 11 January, a platform for currency exchange, currency lines, etc., to conduct on-site inspections on the implementation of foreign exchange regulations, anti-money-laundering and related financial laws and regulations, as well as on the management of trading sites.
与此同时，央行上海总部也与上海市金融办等单位组成联合检查组对比特币中国开展现场检查，重点检查该企业是否超范围经营，是否未经许可或无牌照开展信贷、支付、汇兑等相关业务；是否有涉市场操纵行为；反洗钱制度落实情况；资金安全隐患等。
At the same time, the Central Bank's Shanghai headquarters, together with the Shanghai Financial Office and other units, has conducted on-site inspections of the Shanghai Joint Inspection Unit in Bitcoin, China, focusing on whether the enterprise is operating in excess of scope, whether it is carrying out related operations such as credit, payment, exchange, etc. without permission or licence, whether it is involved in market manipulation, the implementation of the anti-money-laundering regime, the risk of financial security, etc.
《每日经济新闻》记者注意到，央行现场检查几大比特币交易平台的消息发布之后，火币网比特币价格出现跳水。截至当日21：22，火币网的比特币价格最低跌至5155元。
According to Daily Economic News, following the announcement of the Central Bank’s on-site inspection of several large bitcoin trading platforms, the price of the coin’s network’s bitcoin jumped. As of the same day, at 21:22, the price of the coin’s network’s bitcoin fell to $5155.
资料显示，2016年以来，伴随着区块链的火热，比特币走出了一波“牛市”行情，从2016年初的最低2300元左右上涨至2017年1月5日的最高8800元左右，涨幅高达280%。在众多资产中，表现抢眼。但与此同时，对于比特币换汇、洗钱的质疑一直未散。
According to the data, since 2016, with the heat of the block chain, Bitcoin has emerged from a wave of “Cow City” developments, rising from about $2,300 at the beginning of 2016 to about $8,800 on 5 January 2017, with an increase of up to 280%. Among the many assets, it has performed badly. At the same time, however, questions about Bitcoin exchange, money laundering, have remained unsettled.
对于上述质疑，火币网COO朱嘉伟曾向记者表示，比特币几乎不可能实现大额换汇，因为通过比特币换汇的难度大，且需要承担价格波动的风险。在海外平台，尤其美国的比特币交易平台，KYC（KYC政策，即充分了解你的客户）做得比中国更加严格，提现过程更加复杂，成本也高。此外，从比特币行情来看，近年来基本是国内平台人民币价格高于海外的美元价格，从经济利益考量，用比特币换汇不是一条可行的道路。
In response to the above-mentioned questions, Coo Ju Jiave of the Sensor Network has stated to journalists that it is almost impossible to achieve a large exchange of bitcoin, which is difficult to exchange through bitcoin and entails the risk of price fluctuations. In overseas platforms, especially the United States Bitcoin trading platform, KYC’s policy is more stringent than in China, and the cash withdrawal process is more complicated and costly.
专家：第三方托管暂难成行
Experts: third-party trusteeship is not available for the time being
据《中国证券报》1月10日报道，监管部门近期将继续约见业内人士，讨论设立第三方比特币托管平台，确保比特币交易的安全。
According to the Chinese Securities Bulletin of 10 January, the regulatory authorities will continue to meet with businessmen in the near future to discuss the establishment of a third-party Bitcoin hosting platform to ensure the security of Bitcoin transactions.
据《每日经济新闻》记者了解，比特币交易平台当下均未设立资金第三方托管。目前，火币网和币行均能够通过银行卡汇款充值，同时火币APP还能够通过支付宝汇款充值。对此，邓建鹏指出，由于所有资金和比特币均在交易平台账户上，缺乏监管，存在交易机构挪用用户资金和比特币、甚至出现跑路的风险。
According to Daily Economic News journalists, none of the Bitcoin trading platforms currently has a third-party hosting of funds. At present, both the money network and the bank are able to charge remittances through the bank card, while the gun money APP is also able to do so through payment of treasure money.
不过，据记者了解，火币网和币行方面均表示没有接到过与第三方托管相关的通知。有比特币行业人士表示，设立第三方托管对行业来说会是个重大利好，但此前央行明确规定，第三方支付公司不得为比特币公司提供服务。资料显示，2013年底，央行曾同时约谈10余家第三方支付机构相关负责人，明确要求其不得给比特币、莱特币等的交易网站提供支付与清算业务。
According to some Bitcoin industry sources, the establishment of a third-party trusteeship would be a major benefit for the industry, but the Central Bank had clearly stated that third-party payment companies could not provide services to Bitcoin. According to the information, at the end of 2013, the Central Bank had interviewed the relevant heads of more than 10 third-party payment agencies, specifically demanding that they should not provide payment and liquidation services to their trading websites, such as Bitcoin and Lightcoin.
当《每日经济新闻》记者问及比特币第三方托管方面的问题时，接近央行检查组的人士也向记者表示，昨天是有进驻检查，但其未回应托管一事。
When the Daily Economic News journalist asked questions about the issue of third-party trusteeship in Bitcoin, people close to the Central Bank Inspectorate also told the journalist that there had been a check-up yesterday, but that it had not responded to the trusteeship.
“短期来看，设立第三方托管不大可能。”邓建鹏向记者表示，“根据央行2013年的规定，比特币平台找金融机构进行托管、存管都比较困难，客户资金和比特币都存在公司账户或者硬盘上，要托管的话涉及到很多技术和标准，建立起来需要比较长的时间；在这之前还要监管机构出台一定的规范性文件，明确哪个机构来托管，目前都还实现不了，在半年到一年之内都不太可能。”
“In the short term, it is unlikely that a third-party trusteeship will be established.” Deng Jianpan told journalists that “under the Central Bank’s 2013 regulations, it is difficult for the Bitcoin platform to find a financial institution to hold, or to hold a bank account or a hard disk, with both customer funds and bitcoin on a company account or on a hard disk, that many techniques and criteria are involved and that it will take longer to set up; until then, the regulatory body will have to put in place a certain normative document identifying which institution to hold, which is not yet possible, and which is unlikely to happen for six months to one year”.
“目前比特币交易平台实际上就是类似于上交所、深交所的交易所模式。”邓建鹏指出，“在国内设立交易所，需要省级政府批准，但是现在没有监管，都是平台自己在运营。监管部门首先需要认可这种交易模式，然后再来监管它的风险。”
“Now the Bitcoin trading platform is actually a business exchange model similar to the one in hand and the one in the bottom.” Deng said, “A domestic exchange requires the approval of the provincial government, but now there is no regulation, and the platform is operating itself. Regulatory authorities need to first endorse this mode of trading, and then monitor its risks.”
一位区块链平台负责人也认为，目前来看比特币第三方托管不太可能推出，监管层对于比特币平台的要求还是会坚守反洗钱、反刷量、反利用人民币贬值做宣传、反利用比特币换汇这几项内容。
One of the heads of the block chain platform agreed that it was unlikely that the Bitcoin third-party hosting would be introduced at the present time, and that the regulatory requirements for the Bitcoin platform would still adhere to anti-money-laundering, counter-brushing, counter-exploitation of the renminbi and counter-monetization of the bitcoin.
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