又疯狂了!比特币重上13000美元，央行为何半年内两度提及数字货币研发?
Why does the central bank refer to digital money development twice in six months?
比特币近期以一路飙升的涨势，重回公众视野。7月10日上午，比特币重返13000美元，再创两周内的新高;比特币总市值为2308亿美元，升至全球加密市场总市值的64.8%，这一比例也刷新了自2017年4月以来新高。
Bitcoin returned to public view in the recent surge. On the morning of July 10, Bitcoin returned to $13,000, a two-week high; the total market value of Bitcoin rose to $230.8 billion, to 64.8 per cent of the total market value of the global cryptography market, a proportion that has been up since April 2017.
比特币的躁动，加之Facebook加密货币项目Libra热度的居高不下，也使币圈玩家“重拾信仰”。与此同时，“正规军”央行数字货币的发展情况也引起广泛关注。
Bitcoin’s impatience, coupled with the high heat of Libra’s Facebook encryption money project, has also “reawakened faith” to currency-circumstance players. At the same time, developments in the central bank’s digital currency of the “regular army” have also given rise to widespread concern.
7月8日，央行研究局局长王信透露，国务院已正式批准央行数字货币的研发，目前央行正在组织市场机构从事相应工作。
On 8 July, the Director of the Central Bank's Research Bureau, Wang Xin, revealed that the Department of State had officially approved the development and development of the central bank's digital currency and that the central bank was organizing the corresponding work of market agencies.
比特币活跃 总市值再创新高
Bitcoin is active and total market value is re-innovated
7月10日上午，比特币重返13000美元，再创两周内的新高。比特币总市值为2308亿美元，升至全球加密市场总市值的64.8%，这一比例刷新自2017年4月以来新高。
On the morning of 10 July, Bitcoin returned to $13,000, a further two-week high. The total market value of Bitcoin was $230.8 billion, rising to 64.8 per cent of the total market value of the global encryption market, a proportion that has risen since April 2017.
数据来源：CoinMarketCap
Source: CoinMarketCap
近期A股区块链概念活跃，10日上午，多只区块链概念股集体高开，截至收盘，区块链概念指数微涨0.34%。数字认证、和仁科技、梦网集团、深大通等多只个股涨幅超5%。
Recently, the A block chain concept was active, and in the morning, the multi-block chain concept unit was collectively high, with a small increase of 0.34% in the block chain concept index as of the closing date. Digital authentication, and ingenuity, dream network groups, Deep Chase, etc., increased by more than 5%.
数据来源：同花顺
Data source: homogenous
美国时间7月9日，全球最大期货交易所美国芝商所(CME)的比特币主力合约连续两日上涨，收创今年6月26日以来新高。所有期限合约均一日涨逾300美元，连续两日收于12000美元上方，其中12月合约已经突破13000美元关口。
On July 9, US time, the world’s largest futures exchange, CME’s Bitcoin Main Contract, rose for two consecutive days, rising to its highest level since June 26. All contracts were raised by more than $300 a day and collected over $12,000 for two consecutive days, including $13,000 in December.
BCtrend分析师Jeffrey认为，比特币流量与市场人气双双回升至今年高位，短期或将延续上行。
According to BCtrend analyst Jeffrey, the two-fold recovery of Bitcoin flows and market ethos has so far been high and will continue to do so in the short term.
泡沫再现，还是“牛市”重启?价格上涨背后的原因至关重要。
Re-emerging bubbles, or re-opening of the cattle market? The reasons behind the rise in prices are crucial.
从目前市场的观点看来，本次加密货币的价格飙升，主要因为Facebook发行加密货币Libra改善了基本面状况，有望帮助比特币重现2017年末的辉煌。
From the point of view of the current market, the price of this encrypt currency has soared, mainly because Facebook has improved the basics of the encrypt currency Libra, which is expected to help Bitcoin regain its glory at the end of 2017.
拥有约8万客户的英国金融交易机构CMC Markets近期调查称，源于Facebook上月公布稳定币Libra的计划，自今年5月中以来，投资者对加密货币衍生品的咨询明显增加。Facebook公布计划不仅帮助提高了公众对比特币等加密资产的意识，还为整个行业提供了更主流的合法性。
According to a recent survey by CMC Markets, a British financial transaction agency with about 80,000 clients, investors’ advice on encrypted money derivatives has increased significantly since mid-May, as a result of Facebook’s last month’s announcement of Libra’s stabilization plan. Facebook publishing not only helped raise public awareness of encrypted assets, such as Bitcoin, but also provided more mainstream legitimacy for the industry as a whole.
Facebook Libra，改变世界还是打开魔盒?
Facebook Libra, change the world or open the box?
6月18日，社交媒体Facebook加密货币项目Libra横空出世，引发激烈探讨。有人将Libra视作一种“超主权货币”，也有人认为，横空出世的Libra会重塑国际货币金融体系。
On June 18, the social media Facebook encrypting money project Libra was launched, triggering intense discussion. Libra was seen as a “super-sovereign currency” and it was argued that the birth of Libra would reshape the international monetary and financial system.
Libra在白皮书开篇简明扼要地表明其使命：建立一套简单的、无国界的货币和为数十亿人服务的金融基础设施。
Libra opened the White Paper with a concise statement of his mission: to create a simple, borderless currency and a financial infrastructure that serves billions of people.
Libra的白皮书中反复强调其在全球转账和支付领域的野心，要让“在全球范围内转移资金像发送短信或分享照片一样简单且具有成本优势，甚至更安全可靠。”
Libra's White Paper repeatedly emphasizes its ambition in the area of global transfers and payments by allowing “global transfers of funds are as simple and cost-effective as the sending of text messages or the sharing of photographs, and even safer and more reliable”.
libra是否真的会打破传统金融，成为世界上第一个无国界并且无需手续费的加密货币呢?
Is Libra really going to break traditional finance and become the world's first secure currency without borders and without fees?
王信表示，Libra对于各国货币政策、金融稳定，乃至对国际货币体系可能都会产生重大的影响。
The letter stated that Libra could have a significant impact on monetary policy, financial stability and even on the international monetary system.
但是，libra要成为世界上第一个无国界并且无需手续费的加密货币仍面临诸多障碍，最大的障碍，便是来自全球各个国家的监管。
However, many obstacles remain for Libra to become the world's first unfavourable and fee-free encrypt currency, the biggest one being regulation from countries around the globe.
法国财长勒梅尔表示，Libra不应被视为传统货币的替代品，它绝不能、也不可能成为主权货币。各国政府有权“向Facebook要求一些担保“。
French Chancellor Le Mel said that Libra should not be seen as a substitute for traditional currencies, and that it can never be, nor can it be, a sovereign currency. Governments have the right to “demand some guarantees from Facebook.”
英国央行行长和美联储主席均表示，Libra要面对高标准的监管要求。
Both the Governor of the British Central Bank and the Chairman of the Federal Reserve stated that Libra faced high standards of regulation.
澳大利亚央行行长称，Libra有很多监管问题需要解决，他一直认为，加密货币不会登陆澳大利亚。
According to the Governor of the Central Bank of Australia, Libra has a number of regulatory issues that need to be addressed, and he has always maintained that encrypted currency will not land in Australia.
央行支付结算司副司长穆长春发文称，Libra创造的是跨境自由流动的可兑换数字货币。这类稳定币的出现和发展，无论是从对货币政策的执行，还是宏观审慎管理的角度，都离不开央行的支持和监管，以及各国央行及国际组织的监管合作。
According to Mu Changchun, Deputy Director of Central Bank Payments and Settlement, Libra creates convertible digital currencies that move freely across borders. The emergence and development of such stable currencies, both in terms of monetary policy enforcement and macroprudential management, are dependent on central bank support and supervision, as well as regulatory cooperation between central banks and international organizations.
央行半年两度提及数字货币研发
Central Bank refers to digital money development twice a year
各国监管层对于Libra的态度，继第一时间的措手不及后，正陆续给出答案，而第一个较明确的答案，便是加大力度研发央行数字货币。
The attitude of countries at the regulatory level towards Libra continues to give answers after the first surprise, and the first clear answer is to increase efforts to develop central bank digital currencies.
数字货币被欧洲银行业管理局定义为“价值的数字化表示，不由央行或当局发行，也不与法币挂钩，但由于被公众所接受，可作为支付手段，也可以电子形式转移、存储或交易。”
Digital currency is defined by the European Banking Authority as “the digitization of value, which is not issued by central banks or authorities, nor is it linked to French currency, but which, because of its acceptance by the public, can be transferred, stored or traded in electronic form as a means of payment”.
提起数字货币，脑海中最先浮现的便是比特币。比特币等数字货币更像一种投资产品，因缺乏强有力的担保机构维护其价格的稳定，其作为价值尺度的作用还未显现，无法体现支付手段的职能。
When it comes to digital currency, the first thing that comes to mind is bitcoin. Digital currency, such as bitcoin, is more like an investment product, and its role as a measure of value has not yet materialized to reflect the function of a means of payment, owing to the absence of a strong guarantor to maintain its price stability.
但是，当国家主体对数字货币进行开发时，情况将会不一样。
However, the situation will be different when digital currencies are developed by national subjects.
王信指出，央行货币的数字化有助于优化央行货币支付功能，提高央行货币地位和货币政策有效性。央行数字货币(CBDC)可以成为一种计息资产，满足持有者对安全资产的储备需求，也可成为银行存款利率的下限。央行数字货币可成为新的货币政策工具。一是央行可通过调整央行数字货币利率，影响银行存贷款利率;二是有助于打破零利率下限。
According to the King’s letter, the digitization of the central bank’s currency helps to optimize the central bank’s monetary-payment function and improve the central bank’s monetary position and the effectiveness of monetary policy. The central bank’s digital currency (CBDC) can be an interest-bearing asset that meets the holder’s reserve demand for secure assets, or a lower interest rate on bank deposits.
据了解，中国人民银行是最早对数字货币进行研究和试验的中央银行之一，与大多数人理解的数字货币不同，央行发行的数字货币实际上是“数字化的法币”，王信称，央行的数字货币在中国定义为M0，是现金一定程度的替代。比特币等加密货币很难发挥货币的职能，只能称之为加密资产，对法定货币和货币政策的影响有限。
It is understood that the People’s Bank of China is one of the first central banks to study and test digital currency, unlike most people understand digital currency, which is actually a “digital French currency” issued by the central bank. Wang Xin claims that the central bank’s digital currency is defined as M0 in China and is a certain replacement for cash. It is difficult for encrypted currency such as Bitcoin to function as a currency, but only as an encrypted asset, with limited impact on legal monetary and monetary policy.
这已是我国央行在近半年内第二次公开表态推进数字货币研发。
This has been the second time in almost six months that our central bank has made a public pronouncement to promote digital money development and development.
今年2月，在2019年全国货币金银工作会议上，央行副行长范一飞提出，稳步推进央行数字货币研发，加强虚拟货币监测处置。
In February of this year, at the 2019 national working meeting on monetary and monetary issues, Fan Yi Fei, Vice-President of the Central Bank, proposed a steady push for central bank digital currency research and development and enhanced virtual currency monitoring and disposal.
实际上，我国央行对于数字货币的研究高度重视，对数字货币的研发已推进数年。
Indeed, our central bank attaches great importance to research on digital money, which has been under development for several years.
2014年，在时任央行行长周小川的倡导下，央行成立发行数字货币专门研究小组，开始对数字货币、央行数字货币进行研发工作。
In 2014, at the initiative of the then Governor of the Central Bank, Zhou Xiaochuan, the Central Bank set up a special study group on the issuance of digital currency and began research and development on digital currency and central bank digital currency.
2015年，金融研究所成立互联网金融研究中心。
In 2015, the Institute of Finance established the Center for Research on Internet Finance.
2017年5月，央行数字货币研究所正式挂牌，对数字货币发行和业务运行框架、数字货币的关键技术、发行流通环境、面临的法律问题等进行了深入研究，为加强金融科技工作的研究规划和统筹协调。
In May 2017, the Institute of Digital Monetary Studies of the Central Bank officially inaugurated an in-depth study on the framework for the issuance and operation of digital money, key technologies for digital money, the circulation environment, the legal problems faced, etc., in order to strengthen research planning and coordination in financial science and technology.
2018年9月，该研究所搭建了贸易金融区块链平台。
In September 2018, the Institute launched the Trade Finance Block Chain Platform.
目前，经国务院批准，央行正组织市场机构，共同进行DC/EP(带有数字货币特征的支付工具)研发。
At present, with the approval of the State Council, the Central Bank is organizing market institutions to jointly develop and develop DC/EP (payment instruments with digital currency characteristics).
数字货币分析师肖磊表示，从战略上，要建立适合国际化的数字货币，中国特色的数字货币，绝对不能简单的是一种技术性的升级，把法币数字化的过程，而是需要有至少三个特点：第一个是要有国际货币属性，类似于人民币目前的离岸市场等，可以选择直接在海外发行;第二个是要有足够的应用场景，至少可以借助中国互联网巨头，或其他金融商业网络来落地;第三个是要有实实在在的资产背书，比如黄金。
Digital currency analysts Xiao Xiao said that, strategically, to create digital currencies suitable for internationalization, Chinese digital currencies could not simply be a technical upgrading process to digitize French currency, but required at least three characteristics: the first was to have international monetary attributes, similar to the current offshore market of the renminbi, and could choose to issue them directly abroad; the second was to have enough applications, at least through the Chinese Internet giant, or other financial and commercial networks; and the third was to have a real asset endorsement, such as gold.
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