今年是数字货币的寒冬，比特币的价格已从年初的约1.7万美元暴跌至6800美元。然而，长期来看，市场需求将持续增长，因此比特币复苏只是时间问题。这样的跌势为人们提供了“抄底”的机会，许多人甚至想要成为比特币矿工。要成为一名矿工，拥有一台比特币矿机是必备的。本文将为您简要介绍相关知识。
This year is the winter of digital currency, and the price of Bitcoin has dropped sharply from about $17,000 at the beginning of the year to $6,800. However, in the long run, market demand will continue to grow, so the recovery of Bitcoin is only a matter of time. This drop provides an opportunity for people to “crush bottoms” and many even want to become bitcoin miners. To be a miner, it is necessary to have a bitcoin machine.
最初，人们在自家或公司的电脑上使用CPU挖矿。随着时间推移，参与挖矿的人增多，计算能力增强，挖矿难度加大，于是人们开始使用GPU（显卡）挖矿。显卡一度供不应求，甚至在电商平台上断货。不久后，GPU也达到计算能力上限，为了打破限制，专用比特币矿机应运而生。
Initially, people used CPUs to dig on their home or company's computers. Over time, the number of people involved in mining increased, computing capacity increased, and mining became more difficult, so people started digging with GPUs.
2012年底，美国出现首家比特币矿机制造商。2013年3月，中国推出了全球首款现售矿机。矿机类似一台计算机设备，但只能用于挖掘比特币等数字货币并运行哈希运算。需要注意的是，比特币矿机只能用于比特币挖矿，莱特币矿机则只能用于莱特币挖矿。这是因为挖矿本质上是一种运算竞赛。比特币的生产过程可视为一群人在解一道系统生成的难题，谁能率先解决，就能获取区块中的比特币。挖矿是一个不断挑战计算极限的过程，矿机的一切条件都必须服务于计算能力，以赢得竞赛。因此，计算能力较差的矿机很容易被淘汰。
By the end of 2012, the United States had its first producer of a Bitcoin miner. In March 2013, China launched a first-time global miner. The miner is similar to a computer device, but can only be used to dig up digital currency, such as bitcoin, and run Hashi's calculations. It needs to be noted that the bitcoin mine can only be used to dig bitcoin, while the Lightcoin mine can only be used to dig Leitco.
为何个人需要加入“矿池”才能挖到比特币？现在，如果采用个人挖矿的方式（SOLO模式），几乎不可能挖到比特币。这是因为现在的挖矿已经规模化，个人必须与矿池合作。那么，什么是矿池呢？
Now, it's almost impossible to dig up bitcoin if it's personal mining (SOLO model). This is because the mining is already on a scale and the individual has to work with the pond. So, what is the pond?
随着挖矿人数的增长和计算能力的提高，单个矿工挖到比特币的概率降低，收入变得不稳定。即使是普通矿场，也可能需要几个月的时间才能挖到一个区块。为了解决这个问题，有人提议将大家的计算能力集中在一起，共同挖矿，然后将挖到区块的奖励分配给参与者，这样可以获得更多的收益且更为稳定。这种集合多个计算能力的实体被称为矿池。目前，全球排名前10的矿池中有大约7家来自中国。
As the number of diggers grows and the capacity to calculate increases, the probability of individual miners digging into bitcoin decreases and incomes become unstable. Even ordinary mines may take months to dig a block. To solve this problem, it is proposed to pool the computing capacity of all, to dig together, and then to distribute the incentives to dig into blocks to the participants, so that more benefits can be gained and more stable.
对于矿工而言，矿池有两种主要的合作模式：PPS和PPLNS。
For miners, there are two main modes of cooperation: PPS and PPLNS.
PPS模式：根据您在矿池中的计算能力占比给您提供每日稳定的收入。例如，您的计算能力为1T，矿池的计算能力为100T，则您占据了矿池计算能力的1%。矿池会根据当前挖矿难度和全球总计算能力估计矿池每天能挖到的区块，并按比例向您分配相应的比特币。
PPS mode: You will receive a steady daily income based on your capacity to calculate in a pond. For example, your capacity is 1 T, your capacity is 100 T, which means 1% of the capacity to calculate a pond.
PPLNS模式：根据过去N个份额支付收益，意味着所有矿工一旦挖到一个区块，参与者将按照各自贡献的计算能力占比分配区块中的新比特币。这两种模式的区别在于，PPS模式下，比特币分红由矿池预先支付给矿工，因此只要矿机稳定，每日获得的比特币数量相对稳定。而在PPLNS模式下，固定时间内获得比特币的数量存在一定的运气成分。
The difference between the two models is that, under the PPS model, bitcoins are paid in advance from the pits, so that the amount of bitcoins received per day is relatively stable as long as the mine is stable. Under the PPLNS model, there is a certain element of luck in the amount of bitcoins received over a fixed period of time.
如何挑选优质矿机？矿机由芯片、散热风扇、电池等多个部件组成，其中“芯片”是核心部件，决定矿机能否更有效地挖掘更多数字货币。矿机芯片需要厂商具备极高的研发实力，以便跟上全球不断提升的计算能力。因此，在选择矿机时，选择实力强大的品牌和团队至关重要。
Miners are made up of multiple components, such as chips, radiators, batteries, and the “chips” are core components that determine whether or not they can dig more digital money more efficiently. Mineral chips require very high levels of research and development on the part of manufacturers in order to keep pace with rising computing capabilities around the world.
目前，全球最知名的比特币矿机制造商主要有两家：比特大陆的蚂蚁矿机和张楠庚的阿瓦隆矿机。后者还是世界首款ASIC芯片矿机的创造者。
Currently, the world’s most well-known producer of bitcoin machines is mainly two: the ant mine in Bit continent and the Avalon mine in Zhang Nangang. The latter is also the creator of the world’s first ASIC chip miner.
选择矿机需要关注三个方面：计算能力、功耗和历史口碑。
The choice of miners requires attention in three areas: computing capacity, power and history.
计算能力表示矿机进行运算的能力，即矿机每秒能进行多少次哈希运算。目前主流比特币矿机的计算能力为14T，即每秒进行14*10^13次哈希碰撞。
Calculating capacity means the ability of the miner to perform the calculation, i.e. how many Hashi operations can be performed by the miner every second. The current computing capacity of the mainstream bitcoin miner is 14 T, i.e. 14*10-13 Hashi collisions per second.
功耗表示矿机工作时的电能消耗，直接影响挖矿成本。矿机通常全天候运转挖矿，因此不同型号的矿机即使功耗差异较小，每年的电费支出也会有很大差别。
Power consumption means electricity consumption during the work of a miner, which has a direct impact on the cost of mining. Miners usually operate around the clock and dig.
历史口碑代表了矿机制造商经营的稳定性。您可以从不同销售渠道了解该厂商的整体评价、售后服务，以及预付款矿机是否能按时交付。
You can find out about the company’s overall evaluation, after-sale services, and whether the prepaid miner can be delivered on time.
最简单的选矿机方法是直接选择最新的现售矿机型号。因为最新矿机的功耗较低，计算能力较高，投资回报率更高。
The simplest option is to directly select the latest model of a miner. The latest miner has a lower capacity, a higher computing capacity and a higher return on investment.
需要提醒大家的是，矿机噪声较大，这是其固有的缺点。
It is important to remind you that the sound of the mine is high, which is an inherent disadvantage.
以当前热门的升级版蚂蚁矿机S9i为例，它的噪声为76dB。
For example, the current popular upgrade of the ant mine machine S9i, which has a noise of 76dB.
76分贝是什么概念？
What's the concept of 76 decibels?
15分贝以下属于“寂静”；40分贝相当于冰箱的嗡嗡声；60分贝相当于面对面交谈的声音；70分贝相当于位于繁忙的城市街道；
Under 15 decibels are “silent”; 40 decibels are equivalent to the buzz of the refrigerator; 60 decibels are equivalent to the sound of face-to-face conversations; 70 decibes are equivalent to the busy city streets;
矿机产生的76分贝噪声类似于嘈杂的公路。
Miners produce 76 dB noises similar to the noisy roads.
因此，在购买矿机之前，请认真思考自己、家人甚至邻居能否承受24小时的噪声。如果没有降噪措施，建议谨慎购买。
Therefore, before buying a mine machine, consider carefully whether you, your family, or even your neighbors can bear the noise of 24 hours.
许多人在忽视噪声问题后购买矿机，但由于无法忍受噪声，不得不低价转手。但这也为一些寻求优惠的买家提供了机会，您不妨试试。
Many people buy mine machines after ignoring noise problems, but because they can't stand noise, they have to change their hands at a lower price. This also provides an opportunity for some buyers to seek concessions, and you might want to try it.
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