由于市面上实在有太多不同的加密货币，也很不幸有部份加密货币在发行后不久便失去了价值，所以小编只选取10种于现时为止较为有名和特色的加密货币简介。
Since there are indeed too many different encrypted currencies on the market and, unfortunately, some of them have lost their value shortly after their issuance, only 10 encrypted currency profiles have been selected by the editor-in-chief, which are now more well known and distinctive.
十个主流加密货币盘点
10 mainstream encrypted currency counts
BitCoin 比特币
bitcoinbitcoin
加密货币/虚拟货币的开山祖师爷，由身份至今未明的中本聪(Satoshi Nakamoto)先生于2008年11月发表比特币白皮书，比特币及后于2009年1月正式上线，成为全世界第一款并且最成功的加密货币。上限为2100万个，所有BitCoin将于2140年发掘完成，之后不会再有新比特币出现。很多其他加密货币都是从比特币的区块链分裂出去，例如LiteCoin，BitCoin Cash。
In November 2008, Mr. Satoshi Nakamoto published the White Book of Bitcoin, which became the first and most successful encoded currency in the world in January 2009. The upper limit is 21 million, and all BitCoin will be excavated in 2140, after which no new bitcoin will appear. Many other encrypted currencies are split out of the bitcoin chain, such as LiteCoin, BitCoin Cash.
Ether 以太坊
♪ Ether Ether ♪ ♪ Ether ♪ ♪ Ether ♪ ♪ Ether ♪ ♪ Ether ♪ ♪ Ether ♪
2013年由Vitalik Buterin提出，是现时市值第二高的加密货币。Vitalik想建立一个基于分散式区块链的平台运行Smart Contract(智能合约)，这个平台称为Ethereum(以太坊)。Ether是在Ethereum平台上运行程序时缴交费用的媒界，与BitCoin希望成为日常使用货币的定位有很大分别，另外几个重大分别包括:Ether的发行量是无上限的，Ether采用的是PoS (Proof-of-Stake)，而BitCoin采用的是PoW (Proof-of-Work)。
It was proposed by Vitalik Buterin in 2013 as the second-highest encrypt currency in the current market. Vitalik wanted to create a platform based on a decentralized block chain to run Smart Contractor (intellectual contract), known as Etherum.
BitCoin Cash 比特币现金
BitCoin Cash Bitcoin Cash
2017年BitCoin社群里激烈讨论为了增加BitCoin每秒钟能够处理的交易量，到底应该采用Segwit (Segregation Witness,隔离见证)还是2x(将区块容量提升到2MB)。BitCoin Developer偏向Segwit，但BitCoin团体中有人认为2x才是正确方向，不理会BitCoin Developer的建议，2017年8月坚持从BitCoin的区块链中硬分叉 BitCoin Cash出去，每个区块容量为8MB ，而且没有采用Segwit。
In 2017, there was intense debate in the BitCoin community about whether to use Segwit (Segregation Witness, Witness of Separation) or 2x (uplifting block capacity to 2MB). BitCoin Developmenter preferred Segwit, but BitCoin thought that 2x was in the right direction, ignoring BitCoin Developmenter's proposal, insisted in August 2017 to go out from BitCoin's block chain, with 8MB per block, and did not use Segwit.
Ether Classic(以太经典)
2016年6月，Ethereum平台上的decentralized autonomous organization(DAO)被骇，导致价值5000万美金的Ether被转移到另一个分身DAO。因为区块链上的交易一但写下就无法修改，部份Ethereum的用家认为应该透过Hard Fork(硬分叉)让被骇的Ether回到原本的帐户。于是Ether硬分叉为两条区块链，原有的链(即没有还原被骇的Ether)上的Ether被称为Ether Classic，还原了被骇的5000万美金Ether的新链称为Ether。
In June 2016, the Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) on the Etheum platform was horrified, resulting in the transfer of $50 million worth of Esther to another part of the DAO. Because the transactions on the block chain cannot be modified once they are written down, some of Etherum’s users believe that it is appropriate to return the scarred Ether to the original account through Hard Fork (hard fork). So, when Ether is hard fork in two blocks, the original chain (i.e., the unrecovered Ether) is known as EtherClassic, and also known as Ether in the horrified $50 million of Eth’s new chain.
LiteCoin 莱特币
LiteCoin
2011年7月由前Google员工Charlie Lee从BitCoin的BlockChain分叉出去，与BitCoin仅有两点不同:
In July 2011, Charlie Lee, a former Google employee, broke off from Block Chain in BitCoin, just two different points from BitCoin:
1. BitCoin每10分钟生成下一个区块，LiteCoin只需2.5分钟
1. BitCoin generates the next block every 10 minutes, and LiteCoin only takes 2.5 minutes
2. BitCoin用SHA256作为Hash function，LiteCoin使用Scrypt (一种Memory hard function)，目的是令普通人也可以用家用电脑参与掘矿获利，打破BitCoin现时由ASIC/FPGA垄断的局面。
BitCoin uses SHA256 as Hash function, and LiteCoin uses Scrypt (a type of Memory hard function) in order that ordinary people may also participate in mining by using a home computer to break the current monopoly of BitCoin by ASIC/FPGA.
XRP 瑞波币
XRP Ripon
XRP是为了方便银行跨国转帐而开发出来的加密货币，上限1000亿个，但无需掘矿，全部由Ripple公司创始人一开始时创造出来，其中800亿个被赠送给Ripple Labs，当中500亿个流出到市场。与其他加密货币不同，Ripple的nodes network并不开放让公众参与2017年12月至2018年1月，短短一个月之内Ripple从不足0.3美金升至超过3美金，升幅之大时间之短甚至超越BitCoin。
Unlike other encrypted currencies, Ripple’s nodes network did not open the door to public participation between December 2017 and January 2018, when Ripple rose from less than US$ 0.3 to more than US$ 3 in just one month.
Monero 门罗币
Monero Monroe > / strong
完全为Privacy而创造的加密货币，将Bitcoin的匿名性推到极致，连交易额和目的地址都没有公开到网络。理论上没有上限，实际上当第1千8百30万个Monero被掘出后，每分钟只有0.3个新增Monero。2017年WannaCry 病毒大规模攻击Windows用户，锁上电脑所有文件并以此勒索用家BitCoin，后来有调查发现黑客之后将BitCoin兑换为Monero，此后这笔款项便无法被跟纵。
In theory, there is no ceiling, and in fact, when the 18.3 million Moneros are dug up, only 0.3 new Moneros are added every minute. In 2017, the WannaCry virus launched a massive attack on Windows users, locked all computer files and blackmailed the user BitCoin, and later turned BitCoin into Monero after an investigation found hackers, which could not be followed up.
Tether (USDT) 泰达币
Teth (USDT)
与所有其他加密货币不同，USDT与美金的值是挂钓的，1USDT应该刚刚好等于1USD，虽然现实上往往有几个%的差距。只有Kraken exchange能将USDT兑换成USD 根据Tether白皮书，每一个USDT背后都有一个USD支持，而这大笔美金现金是存于一间香港公司Tether Limited. 使用USDT而非USD有几个好处: 节省汇款到各大加密货币交易所的手续费; 节省存款入交易所的时间等。
Unlike all other encrypted currencies, the value of USDT and the dollar should just as well equal 1 USD, although there are often several % differences in reality. Only Kraken exchange can convert USDT into USD, which, according to the White Paper by Tether, is backed by a USD behind each of the USDTs, and the bulk of the cash is held by a Hong Kong company, Teth Limited. Use of USDT instead of USDD has several advantages: saving remittances to majors
BitCoin Gold (比特币黄金) 2017年从Bitcoin区块链硬分叉出来的另一款加密货币，与Bitcoin/Bitcoin Cash最大不同之处为没有使用SHA256.而使用了Equihash algorithm，目的跟Litecoin类似: 避免算力过度集中于部份拥有ASIC的人的手上; 另一特点是，每掘下一个区块之前都会调节掘矿难度，而Bitcoin/Bitcoin Cash则是每2016个区块(大约两星期)才调节一次难度。 Another encrypted currency that came out of the Bitcoin block chain in 2017, the largest difference from Bitcoin/Bitcoin Cash, used Equihash algorithm instead of SHA256. The purpose is similar to that of Litecoin: avoiding overcalculation in the hands of some of those who own ASIC; another characteristic is that the difficulty of mining is regulated before each of the next blocks is dug, while Bitcoin/Bitcoin Cash is reconciled once for every 2016 blocks (approximately two weeks). DogeCoin 狗狗币 {\bord0\shad0\alphaH3D}DogeCoin 本来只是玩票性质而创造出来的加密货币，与Litecoin一样使用Scrypt，但数量没有上限。狗狗币的主要用途为慈善筹款，例如2014年冬季奥运会期间，一支牙买加的有舵雪橇(Bobsleigh)队伍获得冬奥参赛资格，却没有资金出赛，狗狗币社群为该支队伍筹得5万美金赞助他们到俄罗斯索契参加比赛。 The encrypt currency, originally created by the nature of the ticket, is used in the same way as Litecoin, but with no limit. The main use of dog money is charitable fund-raising, for example, during the 2014 Winter Olympics, where a Jamaican team of Bobsleigh was eligible for the Winter Olympics without funding, and the community raised $50,000 to fund the team’s participation in the tournament in Sochi, Russia.
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