交通违章扣分系统为何不采用区块链技术？目前国内具有重大经济效益或社会价值的区块链应用为何较少？今天下午，浦江创新论坛·区块链发展专题论坛在西岸智塔举行，上海树图区块链研究院院长龙凡博士、中国计算机学会区块链专委会主任斯雪明博士都在演讲中呼吁，要在攻关关键核心技术的同时，加快推动区块链应用项目落地，让这种技术早日成为数字经济、数字社会以及城市数字化转型的基石。
Why not use block-chain technology for traffic violations? Why is there less use of block-chains with significant economic benefits or social value in the country? This afternoon, the Pujiang Forum on Innovations and Development of Block-chains Forum was held in the West Bank's think tower, with Dr. Longfan, President of the Shanghai Tree Map Area Chain Institute, and Dr. Schömming, Director of the District Chain Committee of the Chinese Computer Society, calling for accelerating the deployment of block-chain applications while closing key core technologies so that they become the cornerstones of the digital economy, the digital society, and the digitalization of cities at an early date.
交易效率是比特币的428倍
龙凡等人发明的树图区块链，目前是全球第三大公有链，其规模仅次于比特币和以太坊。性能方面，树图区块链凭借原创的共识排序算法，每秒可处理3000笔以上交易，是比特币系统的428倍、以太坊系统的75倍以上。
In terms of performance, the tree block chain, invented by Longfan et al., is now the third largest common chain in the world, second only to Bitcoin and Etheria. With its original consensus sorting algorithm, it handles more than 3,000 transactions per second, 428 times the Bitcoin system and 75 times the Etheria system.
据介绍，区块链系统的性能一直是制约其应用落地的瓶颈，特别是公有链，由于性能上的限制，用户之间必须互相竞价，价高者才能把自己的交易记录到区块链上。针对这个瓶颈，图灵奖得主、中国科学院院士姚期智和龙凡领导的团队打破了“区块一定要串成一条链”的思维定式，提出了基于“树图”结构的高性能共识算法。这种算法抛弃了简单的链状结构，先用图的结构组织区块，再用算法把这些区块排出一个所有共识节点都一致认可的先后顺序，实现了一种“形散而神不散”的区块链共识。
It was described that the performance of the block chain system has been a bottleneck to its application, particularly in the public chain, where users have to compete with each other because of performance constraints to record their transactions on the block chain. In response to this bottleneck, the team led by the Turing Laureate, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yao Xiao Ji, and Longfan broke the mindset of “the block must be chained into a chain” and proposed a high-performance consensus algorithm based on a “tree map” structure. This algorithm abandoned a simple chain structure, using a map of the structure blocks, and used an algorithm to sort out the blocks in a coherent order of order that all points of consensus were agreed upon.
这样一来，区块的组织结构不需要是一条链，系统中不同的节点可以并发地产生区块，从而更充分地利用网络带宽和计算资源。树图公有链系统1.0版的区块大小为600KB、出块速度0.5秒、确认时间30秒以内。公有链性能的大幅提升，为区块链技术的推广应用乃至“像互联网一样改变世界”奠定了基础。
In this way, blocks do not need to be structured as a chain in which different nodes in the system can create blocks in parallel, thus making fuller use of network bandwidth and computing resources. The size of blocks in version 1.0 of the public tree chain system is 600 KB, the velocity of the blocks is 0.5 seconds, and the confirmation time is 30 seconds. A significant increase in public chain performance provides the basis for extension of block chain technology and even “changes the world like the Internet.”
各地要打造重量级应用项目
然而，技术进步只是区块链推广应用的基础之一，社会因素也是一个重要方面。演讲中，龙凡讲了他亲历的案例——某交通队的领导了解到区块链技术后，觉得这种技术有助于透明管理违章记录。可否搭建以区块链技术为基础的违章记录及扣分平台？领导听取了技术团队的专项汇报。在方案讨论过程中，领导发现区块链具有数据不可更改的特点。结果，这个项目不了了之。
However, technological progress is only one of the foundations for the extension of block chains, and social factors are also an important aspect. In his presentation, Longfan spoke of his own case -- when the leadership of a traffic team learned about block chain technology, it felt that this technology would help to manage irregularities in a transparent manner. Could a platform for recording and cutting points based on block chain technology? The leadership heard a special report from the technical team. In the course of the programme discussions, the leadership found that the block chain had the characteristics of unalterable data. As a result, the project could not be completed.
“看来，区块链不可更改的特点是一把双刃剑。”听了这个案例，斯雪明点评道。在他看来，区块链是打造数字经济、数字社会的基石。在社会治理等领域，它能让治理体系更加透明、公正，大幅降低人为因素干扰。
“It seems that the unalterable character of the block chain is a double-edged sword.” Listening to this case, Scheffer said that, in his view, the block chain is the cornerstone of the digital economy and the digital society. In areas such as social governance, it can make the governance system more transparent and equitable and significantly reduce anthropogenic disruptions.
斯雪明说，他在全国各地考察了一批区块链应用项目，总体感觉“不是眼前一亮，而是眼前一黑”。原因是项目缺乏创新，没有产生重大的经济效益或社会价值。如何打造出重量级应用项目，是“十四五”时期区块链发展的一项重点课题。“昨天，我和一家车联网大公司的老总交流，觉得‘区块链+车联网’有望成为重量级应用。”他举例说。因为随着智能驾驶的技术发展和应用推广，车联网的安全性问题越来越重要，而区块链具有不可篡改、不能伪造的特性，与网络安全息息相关。
Scherming said that he had visited a number of block-chain applications across the country, and that it was generally felt that “not the brightest, but the blackest.” The reason was that the project lacked innovation and did not produce significant economic benefits or social values. How to build a heavy-level application project was a priority issue in the development of the block-chain during the “14th Five-Year” period. “Today, I had an exchange with an old boss of a major car-connected company, and felt that the “block-chain-plus-car-networking” was likely to become a heavy-weight application.” He said, for example, because with the technological development and deployment of smart driving, the safety of car-networking was becoming increasingly important, while the sector-chains had an immutable, non-fabricated character that was closely linked to network security.
在他看来，要实现更多更大的区块链应用场景落地，应通过“区块链+”与其他技术结合，开展以区块链体系结构创新为核心的技术创新，还应加强软硬件一体化产品开发，支持区块链芯片、区块链智能门锁等硬件产品开发，这样才能更快提高这一新兴技术领域的产值。
In his view, more and larger block chain applications could be achieved through technological innovation centred on structural innovation in the block chain through “block chain plus” in conjunction with other technologies, as well as by enhancing the development of integrated software and hardware products and supporting the development of hardware products such as block chain chips, block chain smart door locks, etc., in order to increase the productivity of this emerging technological field more quickly.
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