区块链可以分为公有链、联盟链和私有链。公有链是完全开放的网络，所有参与者都可以参与系统维护，BTC和以太坊是公有链的典型代表。联盟链和私有链则是有限开放的网络，链中的参与方需要事先约定。典型的联盟链有Fabric、Hyperchain、PoissonChain区块链。私有链由个人或者私人机构所有，记账权归个人或私人机构所有，不对外开放。
The chain of blocks can be divided into public, union and private chains. The public chain is a fully open network in which all participants can participate in the maintenance of the system, and the BTC and Etheria are typical representatives of the public chain. The union and private chain are limited open networks in which participants need to agree in advance. The typical union chain is a chain of Fabric, Hyperchain, Poisson Chain blocks.
1．公有链
1. Public chains
公有链的特点是面向所有人开放，任何人均可参与到网络中共同维护区块链，新成员在加入公有链时无需进行任何形式的认证、授权或审核，具备强匿名性。
The public chain is open to all and anyone can participate in the network for the common maintenance of the block chain, and new members are not subject to any form of certification, authorization or review when they join the public chain and are highly anonymous.
2．联盟链
2. Alliance chains
联盟链的特点是限定了联盟成员的范围，系统内部进行事务确认的共识节点是事前设定或选举好的。新成员在加入联盟链时，需要经过联盟成员投票决定是否同意加入。
The chain of alliances is characterized by a limitation on the membership of the union, and the consensus node within the system for conducting the confirmation of affairs is pre-set or elected.
由于联盟链模式符合监管要求，拥有更高的应用可扩展性，能够与实体经济紧密结合，因此我国目前的区块链应用模式主要以联盟链为主。
As the alliance chain model meets regulatory requirements and has a higher application scalability and is able to be closely integrated with the real economy, the current block chain application model in the country is dominated by the alliance chain.
3．私有链
3. Private chains
私有链的特点是仅限于单个机构内部使用，读写权、记账权和成员范围由组织内自由定制。与联盟链的区别在于，联盟链是机构与机构之间的区块链网络，而私有链是单个机构内部的区块链网络。私有链模式大多用于联盟链的过渡，少部分情况下在机构内部不同部门之间应用。
The private chain is characterized by the fact that it is used only within a single institution, with rights to read and write, bookkeeping and membership being freely customized within the organization. The difference with the union chain is that it is a network of blocks between institutions and institutions, while the private chain is a network of blocks within a single institution.
技术特点：
Technical characteristics:
多中心化。区块链技术采用分布式架构，不依赖于单个中心设备或者管理机构。通过数据的多中心化记录、存储和更新，将被共识的信息记录在区块中，避免了第三方的干预和单点依赖风险，提高了数据的安全性和完整性。
The block chain technology uses a distributed structure that does not depend on individual central equipment or management agencies. By recording, storing, and updating data in a multi-centralized manner, consensus information is recorded in blocks, avoiding third-party intervention and single-point reliance risk, and improving the security and integrity of data.
不可篡改。一旦信息经过共识并被添加到区块链中，所有的共识节点将存储数据的副本，少数节点对数据的篡改将无法通过共识，增强了链上数据的不可篡改性。
It cannot be tampered with. Once the information has been agreed upon and added to the block chain, all consensus nodes will store copies of the data, and the manipulation of the data by a few nodes will not be possible by consensus, increasing the inexorability of the data on the chain.
公开透明。除了各参与方的隐私信息外，其它数据对网络的全部节点是公开透明的。
It is open and transparent. All nodes of the network are open and transparent with the exception of the privacy information of the participants.
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